未成年人刑事司法制度的域外经验和借鉴思路

Juvenile Criminal Justice System:Foreign Experiences and Lessons

未成年人的身体心智发展尚未成熟,刑事行为能力较弱,在对未成年人犯罪的刑事司法处理上应区分对待。美国将未成年人的罪错行为和身份违法行为纳入未成年人法院系统管辖,以教化未成年人认错悔过、重新做人。英国通过未成年人恢复性司法,为化解双方当事人矛盾纠纷提供协商平台,使得双方当事人都有机会表达自身诉求而不必进入司法程序。德国通过教育记录与刑事污点消灭制度,尽可能减小对未成年人的负面影响。日本通过职能多样、不告不理的家庭法院,为未成年人刑事犯罪确立专属管辖制度。基于域外经验以及我国国情,要改进我国的未成年人刑事司法制度,需要从完善社会调查制度、建立合适成年人参与制度、完善社区矫正等方面着力。

Minors are not mature in their physical and mental development,and do not have full ability for criminal conducts,so they are treated differently in criminal justice.The United States has brought juvenile delinquency and identity violations into the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system to educate and reform the minors involved in criminal conducts.Through juvenile restorative justice,Britain provides a negotiation platform for resolving the conflicts and disputes between the involved parties,so that both parties have the opportunity to present their appeals without entering the judicial process.Through the system of educational record and elimination of criminal attaints,Germany tries to minimize the negative impacts on minors.Japan has established a multi-functioning family court system for juvenile crimes that does not file against the minors.With reference from the above,we can improve China’s juvenile criminal jnstic system by improving the social investigation system,establishing a suitable adult participation system,and by improving community correction.