“启蒙主义”与“为人生的艺术”——对鲁迅创作观念的一个谱系学考察

“Enlightenment”and“Art for Life”——A Genealogical Study of Lu Xun's Creative Ideas

鲁迅的“启蒙主义”随着近代中国的“启蒙运动”的历史变化而区分为两个时期:“自在的启蒙主义”阶段与“自为的启蒙主义”阶段。鲁迅直到1930年翻译普列汉诺夫的《车勒芮绥夫斯基的文学观》时,才透过普列汉诺夫的马克思主义视角中的车尔尼雪夫斯基的视角真正确立“启蒙”的概念,而在《我怎么做起小说来》中才为自己的小说写作真正提出“启蒙主义”的主题。在《我怎么做起小说来》中,鲁迅把自己分作了两个:一个回忆与追忆着的普列汉诺夫,与一个被回忆与追忆的车尔尼雪夫斯基;一个回忆与追忆着的无产者,与一个被回忆与追忆的“同路人”。

Lu Xun s“enlightenment”can be divided into two periods with the historical changes of modern China s“Enlightenment Movement”:“in-self enlightenment”stage and“for-self enlightenment”stage.Lu Xun did not establish the concept of“enlightenment”until 1930 when he translated Plekhanov s“Cheleryshevsky's Literary Views”from Plekhanov's Marxist perspective.In fact,it was in“How to Start a Novel”that Lu Xun really proposed the theme of“Enlightenment”for his own novel writing,in which he divided himself into two parts:one is Plekhanov and the other is Chernishevsky;one is proletarian and the other is“fellow traveler”.