杭州城市空间蔓延与区域发展逻辑

Urban Spatial Sprawl and Regional Development Logic in Hangzhou

在短短几十年里,杭州城市空间快速蔓延,已经从一个中等城市蝶变为特大城市。杭州的城市空间演变有三个明显的阶段:1950年代至1970年代末是第一阶段,城市空间因袭传统格局,仅在主城区周边有限扩展;1980年代至1990年代末是第二阶段,城市空间蔓延趋势加快;进入新世纪以后是第三阶段,城市规模持续扩大,城市空间已经转向跨区域扩展的大都市模式。杭州城市空间蔓延除了现代城市演变的共同规律以外,每一个阶段也有自身因素,与生产方式、国家政策、市场力量以及城市战略博弈等存在紧密的关系。现代城市空间蔓延容易诱发规划滞后、街区粗放、邻里分割、交通拥堵、区域发展失衡、城市认同度低、公共服务不足、社会风险趋高等问题,杭州需要转变城市发展理念、完善城市基础设施、协调区域发展、重视街区塑造、提高公共服务能力,以此来减缓城市蔓延所带来的负面作用,促进城市的可持续发展。

The urban space of Hangzhou has sprawled rapidly,and it has changed from a medium-sized city to a megacity in a few decades.The evolution of Hangzhou's urban space has three obvious stages:the first is from 1950s to the end of 1970s,the urban space follows the traditional pattern and only expands in the periphery of the main urban area;the second is from 1980s to the end of 1990s,the trend of urban space expansion is accelerating;the third is the one entering the new century,the urban scale continues to enlarge,and the space has turned to cross regional expansion of the metropolitan model.In addition to the common law of modern urban evolution,each stage of urban spatial sprawl in Hangzhou has its own factors,which are closely related to the mode of production,national policies,market forces and urban strategic games.The spread of modern urban space is likely to result in problems such as backward planning,humble blocks,divided neighborhoods,traffic congestion,unbalanced regional development,low urban identity,insufficient public services,and higher social risks.Hangzhou needs to change its urban development ideas,increase urban infrastructure,coordinate regional development,focus on the block buildings,and improve its public service capacity to slow down the negative effects brought by urban sprawl,and promote the sustainable development of the city.