汽车行业复合材料零件制造技术进展

Advances in Manufacturing Technology of Composite Parts in Automobile Industry

截止到2018年6月底,全国机动车保有量达到3.19亿辆,如此众多的汽车带来了严重的能源消耗与环境污染问题。汽车轻量化是降低能耗,减少排放最有效的措施之一。研究表明汽车质量每减100kg,可节省燃油0.3-0.5L,减少CO2排放8-11g,加速性能提高8-10%,制动距离缩短2-7m[1]。汽车轻量化可以使用复合材料。将复合材料应用于汽车行业,一方面需要对依据复合材料的性能特点进行更好的设计,另一方面选择合适的技术制造复合材料汽车零件显得尤为重要。从现有的复合材料制备技术中,选取已经应用于汽车行业的树脂传递模塑工艺、缠绕工艺以及真空辅助树脂灌注工艺的研究现状进行了综合评述。并对未来汽车行业复合材料零件制造技术的低成本化提出参考意见。

By the end of June 2018,the number of motor vehicles in China had reached 319 million,which has caused serious energy consumption and environmental pollution.Vehicle lightweight is one of the most effective measures to reduce energy consumption and emissions.Studies show that for every 100kg of vehicle mass reduction,fuel saving is 0.3-0.5L,CO2 emission reduction is 8-11g,acceleration performance is improved by 8-10%,and braking distance is shortened by 2-7m[1].Lightweight cars can be made of composite materials.To apply composite materials to the automobile industry,on the one hand,it is necessary to design better according to the performance characteristics of composite materials,and on the other hand,it is particularly important to select the appropriate technology to manufacture composite automobile parts.From the existing composite material preparation technologies,the research status of resin transfer molding technology,winding technology and vacuum-assisted resin filling technology which have been applied in automobile industry were reviewed.The paper also gives some Suggestions on the future low-cost manufacturing technology of composite parts in automobile industry.