正当防卫本质及防卫限度具体认定标准

The Nature of Legitimate Defense and the Specific Judgment of Its Limit

正当防卫限度的判断成为司法实践判断的难点之一,尚未形成客观合理且公允的标准。在司法处理过程中,应以个人权利保护原则为主,辅之优势利益原则及法确证原则,以此作为防卫人优势地位的基础。防卫限度应明确区分为行为限度与结果限度,坚持“明显超过必要限度”与“造成重大损害”并列认定的逻辑。在具体判断时,主张引入防卫人的惊慌、错愕心态与“合理相信”原则,将侵害人已经实施的与极有可能实施的不法侵害行为作为认定防卫限度的参照。

The judgment of the limit of legitimate defense has become one of the difficulties in judicial practice,and hasn't formed the objective,reasonable and fair standard.In the process of judicial treatment,the principle of individual rights protection should be the main principle,supplemented by the principle of advantageous interests and the principle of legal corroboration,which should be taken as the basis for the self-defender's advantageous position.Defense limit should be clearly divided into behavior limit and result limit,and adhere to the logic of"obviously exceeding the necessary limit"and"causing significant damage".In the specific judgment,it advocates the introduction of the defense person's panic and consternation mentality and the principle of"reasonable belief"and takes the illegal acts already committed and most likely committed by the infringer as the reference for the determination of the defense limit.