耐盐小麦种质筛选、鉴定与评价

Screening,Identification and Evaluation of Salt-Tolerant Wheat Germplasms

为筛选、鉴定和评价耐盐小麦种质,本研究以耐盐小麦品种青麦6号、德抗961以及普通小麦品种济麦22、济麦23为材料,进行7个盐浓度梯度筛选,结果表明,2. 0%盐浓度可以作为小麦芽期耐盐性筛选浓度。利用该盐浓度对1 526份小麦品种(系)进行筛选,发现其相对盐害指数从0. 19~1. 00不等,随着盐害指数升高,供试材料数呈抛物线式上升;其中盐害指数低于0. 5、0. 4、0. 3的材料分别有60、19、3份。以青麦6号和德抗961为对照,对盐害指数低于0. 3的济麦21、济麦262以及济麦22、济麦23等品种进行室内苗期耐盐性鉴定和盐碱地条件下的农艺及产量性状测定,结果显示:济麦262的苗期耐盐性优于其它5个小麦品种;低盐(0. 1%)胁迫对济麦22的农艺性状影响较小;盐胁迫对小麦旗叶的影响大于对株高的影响;济麦22、青麦6号和济麦262的产量较高。

In order to screen,identify and evaluate salt-tolerant wheat germplasms,four wheat varieties including salt-tolerant wheat Qingmai 6 and Dekang 961 and common wheat Jimai 22 and Jimai 23 were used for screening of 7 salt concentration gradients.As a result,it was found that the salt concentration of 2.0%could be used as the screening concentration for wheat salt tolerance at germination stage.Using this salt concentration to screen 1526 wheat varieties/lines,it was found that the relative salt damage index of the tested materials ranged from 0.19~1.00.With the increases of salt damage index,the number of tested materials increased parabolicly.Among them,the relative salt damage indexes of 60,19 and 3 materials were lower than 0.5,0.4 and 0.3,respectively.Using Qingmai 6 and Dekang 961 as controls,the indoor identification of salt tolerance was conducted at seedling stage,and the field test was conducted for agronomic and yield trait investigation in saline soil.It showed that the salt tolerance of Jimai 262 at seedling stage was better than that of the other five wheat varieties.Low salt(0.1%)stress had little effect on agronomic traits of Jimai 22.The influence of salt stress on wheat flag leaves was greater than that on plant height.The yield of Jimai 22,Qingmai 6 and Jimai 262 were found to be higher.