186份韭菜种质农艺性状遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity of Agronomic Traits in 186 Chinese Chive (Allium tuberosum) Germplasms

以来自全国各地的186份韭菜种质为材料,对其农艺性状中的5个质量性状、6个数量性状进行遗传多样性分析及聚类分析,结果表明,参试种质的农艺性状具有丰富的遗传多样性。其中,遗传多样性指数最高的为单株重(2. 097),最低的为假茎横切面形状(0. 629);性状变异系数最高的为假茎颜色(64. 22%),最低的为株高(8. 15%)。基于种质间农艺性状的遗传差异,将186份韭菜种质聚为4大类:第Ⅰ类可用于选育高产、适宜密植和温室越冬生产的宽叶韭菜新品种;第Ⅱ类可用于选育高产、适用于密植及机械化收割的红根韭菜新品种;第Ⅲ类多为农家品种,可作为韭菜品种改良材料进一步利用;第Ⅳ类株矮、叶窄、叶色深绿,可用于筛选特异种质材料。对这11个农艺性状进行主成分分析,前3个主成分的累计贡献率达64. 141%,反映了单株重、株高、叶宽、假茎长、假茎粗、叶色、叶态和叶片数的变化。通过综合分析这些种质材料的农艺性状,可为其有效利用提供一定的科学依据。

Based on 5 qualitative and 6 quantitative traits of 186 Chinese chive germplasms from all over the country,genetic diversity and cluster analysis were conducted.The results showed that the genetic diversity of agronomic traits was rich in these Chinese chive germplasms.The genetic diversity index of single plant weight(2.097)was the highest and that of cross section shape of pseudostem(0.629)was the lowest.The coefficient variation(CV)of pseudostem color was the highest(64.22%)and that of plant height(8.15%)was the lowest.Based on the genetic differences of agronomic traits,the 186 Chinese chive germplasms were divided into 4 groups by cluster analysis.The germplasms from the first group could be used for breeding broad-leaved new varieties with high yield and suitable for dense planting and wintering production in greenhouse.The germplasms from the second group could be used for breeding high-yielding varieties with red pseudostem and suitable for dense planting and mechanical harvest.The germplasms belonging to the third group were mostly farm varieties,which could be used as improved materials for further use in breeding.The germplasms from the fourth group were characterized by dwarf stem,narrow and dark green leaves,which could be used for breeding cultivars with specific traits.The principal component analysis based on 11 agronomic traits indicated 64.141%of accumulative contribution was from the top three principal components.The 11 agronomic traits were consolidated into 8 principal components,which were single plant mass,plant height,leaf width,pseudostem length,pseudostem width,leaf color,leaf shape and leaf number.Comprehensive analysis of these agronomic traits would provide certain scientific bases for effective use of Chinese chive.