叶面喷施外源硅铁对番茄果实品质的影响

Effects of Foliar Spraying Exogenous Silicon and Iron Fertilizers on Tomato Fruit Quality

为探究外源硅(Si)、铁(Fe)肥对番茄果实品质的调控效应,选用番茄品种‘鑫研夏宝’为材料,以喷蒸馏水为对照,设置5种硅铁肥处理,研究单一喷施Si肥、不同浓度Fe肥、Si肥和不同浓度Fe肥配施(Si+Fe)对番茄果实生长及品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,1. 5 mmol/L Si与100μmol/L Fe配施处理番茄单果重、可溶性固形物、类黄酮、总酚、游离氨基酸和铁元素含量均显著增加,单果重增幅达39. 73%,可溶性固形物含量增幅达34. 32%,类黄酮、总酚、游离氨基酸分别比对照增加48. 70%、13. 27%、58. 41%,铁元素含量达97. 11μg/g,较对照显著增加49. 15%;番茄果实中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C及番茄红素含量较对照分别提高53. 07%、40. 00%、90. 91%和75. 90%。本研究表明,外源硅、铁肥配合施用可不同程度地促进番茄果实生长,提高果实品质,并以1. 5 mmol/L Si与100μmol/L Fe配施效果最好。

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the regulating effect of silicon and iron fertilizers on fruit quality of tomato.The tomato variety‘Xin Yan Xiabao’was used as experimental material.The effects of spraying single silicon(Si),different concentrations of iorn(Fe),and silicon coupled with different concentrations of iorn(Si+Fe)on growth and quality of tomato were studied with spraying distilled water as control(CK).The results showed that the single fruit weight,soluble solids,flavonoids,total phenols,free amino acids and iron content of tomato were significantly increased after spraying 1.5 mmol/L Si coupled with 100μmol/L Fe,and the single fruit weight,soluble solid content,flavonoids,total phenols and free amino acids increased by 39.73%,34.32%,48.70%,13.27%and 58.41%,respectively,compared with CK.The iron content reached 97.11μg/g,which significantly increased by 49.15%compared with CK.The content of soluble sugar,soluble protein,vitamin C and lycopene in tomato fruits increased by 53.07%,40.00%,90.91%and 75.90%,respectively,compared to CK.All the results indicated that the application of Si,Fe and Si+Fe combination could promote the growth of tomato fruits and improve the fruit quality at different degrees,of which,1.5 mmol/L Si and 100μmol/L Fe coupled spraying treatment had better effects.