人工种植长柔毛野豌豆对梨园害虫及天敌的影响

Effects of Artificially Planted Vicia villosa Roth in Pear Orchard on Pests and Natural Enemies

为研究梨园中种植长柔毛野豌豆对梨树害虫及天敌的影响,本试验在曲阜市百果园农场梨园设置了清耕、自然生草和人工种植长柔毛野豌豆3种模式,系统调查了梨树上和草中的害虫和天敌情况。结果表明,人工生草区害虫的总量最少,比自然生草区减少40. 94%,比清耕区减少62. 52%;在5月下旬、8月和10月下旬的发生高峰期,人工生草区害虫数量最少,清耕区最多。人工生草区树上和草中天敌总量均为最多,树上天敌是自然生草区的1. 95倍、清耕区的3. 16倍,草中天敌是自然生草区的2. 40倍;在5月下旬至6月上旬发生高峰期,人工生草区的天敌数量均为最多;人工生草区树上和草中的益害比均较高。表明种植长柔毛野豌豆是一种可以有效控制害虫的梨园生草模式。

In order to study the effects of Vicia villosa Roth planted in pear orchards on natural enemies and pests,three models of clean cultivation,natural grass and artificial grass(Vicia villosa Roth)were set in the Baiguoyuan Farmland of Qufu City in Shandong Province,and the situations of pests and natural enemies were investigated.The results showed that the total number of pests in the artificial grass area was the lowest,which was 40.94%less than that of the natural grass area and 62.52%less than that of the clean cultivation area.The number of pests in the artificial grass area was the least in the occurrence peak periods in the last ten-day of May,August and the last ten-day of October,and the clean cultivation area had the largest number of pest.The total number of natural enemies on trees and grasses in artificial grass area were both the largest.The number of natural enemies on trees of artificial grass area was 1.95 times that of natural grass area and3.16 times that of clean cultivation area.The number of natural enemies on grass of artificial grass area was2.40 times that of natural grass area.The number of natural enemies in the artificial grass area was the highest in the peak period during the last ten-day of May and the first ten-day of June.The ratios of natural enemy to pest on trees and grasses in the artificial grass area were the highest.It could be concluded that Vicia villosa Roth planted in pear orchards was the herbicidal model that could control pests effectively.