“以老解庄”及其学术价值探微

On Interpreting Zhuangzi with Laozi and Its Academic Value

司马迁将庄子与老子同传,并认为《庄子》“要本归于老子”,《汉书·艺文志》将老庄并列为道家。这种学术渊源上的归纳与评判传统,启发了后世学者自觉地引用《老子》以解读《庄子》,遂产生“以老解庄”的阐释现象。自西晋郭象肇其端,此后成玄英、褚伯秀、陆西星、释德清、陈继儒、焦竑、王夫之、马其昶等学者皆踵武之,形成蔚为壮观的学术潮流。“以老解庄”的阐释现象既与时代背景与学术风气有关,又自有其思想渊源与哲学基础。但有些学者对老庄之间的关系过度阐释,甚至将《庄子》视为《老子》的注疏,则又误入歧途,遮蔽了《庄子》的真义。“以老解庄”对于解读“三教合一”的思潮、探究《庄子》的儒学化进程、反思古代庄子学史以及剖析《庄子》本义等方面贡献良多。学界应该尊重文化思想的多元发展,秉承平等的沟通交流精神,进而考辨中华优秀传统文化的现代价值。

Because Sima Qian interpreted Laozi and Zhuangzi in one legent,and believed that Zhuangzi should be attributed to Laozi.The Hanshu·Yiwenzhi listed Laozi and the Zhuangzi as the Taoist school.Later generations of scholars unconsciously quoted Laozi to interpret Zhuangzi,thus resulting an phenomenon of interpreting Zhuangzi with Laozi.Since Guo Xiang in the Western Jin Dynasty began this,scholars such as Cheng Xuanying,Chu Boxiu,Lu Xixing,Shi Deqing,Chen Jiru,Jiao Hong,Wang Fuzhi,Ma Qichang all followed,forming a spectacular academic trend.The formation of interpreting Zhuangzi with Laozi had a profound academic and social background,as well as a certain ideological and philosophical basis.However,some scholars overemphasized the relationship between Laozi and Zhuangzi,and even regarded Zhuangzi as the annotation of Laozi,which led them astray and covered the true meaning of Zhuangzi.It is of great academic value to study the original meaning of Zhuangzi,to reflect on the trend of thought of unity of three religions of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism,and to explore the process of Confucianism of Zhuangzi.The academic circle shall respect the multiple developments of cultural thoughts,uphold the spirit of equal communication and exchanges,and then study the modern value of Chinese excellent traditional culture.