夫子何以好辩:孟子的传播谋略与传播技巧探析

An Analysis of Mencius’ Communication Strategies and Communication Skills

战国时期,圣王不作,诸侯放恣,处士横议,百家争鸣。孟子不甘人后,近乎一生都在与说服传播活动打交道。由于其说服语言睿智机辩、汪洋恣肆,以至“外人皆称夫子好辩”。孟子在从事说服传播活动时尤为注重传播谋略与传播技巧的使用,“守经达权,因人而异”“因势利导,循循善诱”“言简意赅,以善养人”的传播谋略与“善用比喻”“妙用引证”的传播技巧相辅相成。说服传播活动作为一种基础的传播活动,其本质千百年来并未发生重大改变,故孟子的传播谋略与传播技巧直至当下仍具有深刻的借鉴意义。同时,对孟子的传播谋略和传播技巧的研究既是对传统儒学的当代阐释,又属现代传播学的待掘领域,为“现代性诉求的民族性表达”提供了新的路径。

In the Warring States Period,there was no longer an emperor who was superior in virtue and ability,feudal princes indulged in self-indulgence,and scholars who had never been officials indulged in speech.All schools of thoughts contended for attention.Mencius,unwilling to be left behind,spent almost his whole life in persuasion and communication.Because of his wise and wide language,"outsiders called him a good debater".Mencius paid special attention to the use of communication strategies and communication skills when he was engaged in persuasion and communication activities."Adherence to principles and flexibility and varying from person to person","making the best of the situation and be good at it",and "be brief and to the point,and be kind to teach others" are his communication strategies;" making good use of metaphor" and " making good use of citation" are his communication skills.The strategies and skills worked well together.As a basic communication activity,the essence of persuasion and communication has not changed significantly for thousands of years,so Mencius’ communication strategies and communication skills are still of profound significance for reference even now.Meanwhile,the study of Mencius’ communication strategies and communication skills is not only a contemporary interpretation of traditional Confucianism,but also a field to be explored in modern Communication Studies,providing a new path for the "national expression of modernity pursuit".