新冠疫情冲击下我国高校应届毕业生就业现状实证研究

An Empirical Research on the Employment of Chinese University and College New Graduates Under the Impact of COVID-19

就业与疫情令我国高校毕业生的就业问题空前严峻。课题组于2020年4—6月持续两个月对全国34个省、自治区、直辖市展开疫情期间我国高校毕业生就业情况综合调查。根据回收的样本,研究发现:已就业毕业生税后月薪半数集中于3001—5000元,就业总体满意度较高,到岗稳定性相对较高。未就业毕业生主观因素和客观疫情共同加剧了就业难度,期待就业去向以企业为主,报考国家或地方公职岗位意愿强烈,地点和薪酬最被看重,期待职业类型岗位与社会所提供的主要职业类型岗位匹配性较差,期待薪酬总体偏高于已就业毕业生实际获得薪酬和全国月人均可支配收入。毕业生对高校就业指导服务满意度总体评价良好,但优化改进依然刻不容缓,如,存在诸如专职教师规模偏小、专业化水平不高等诸项难题。通过Logistic回归分析发现,性别、家庭经济状况、学校类型、学校层次、学科类型、学科层次、个人学历、学业成绩、外语水平、期待薪酬、求职花费等变量对就业的影响存在一定的差异。亟待高度重视农村生源未就业的毕业生求职、求职经济支出困难毕业生的精准帮扶、隐匿且不容回避的就业歧视、实质性帮扶毕业生创业以促进就业新增长点的四项就业问题。

The dual pressures of employment and the COVID-19 have made the employment of new college graduates unprecedentedly difficult.The research group conducted a comprehensive survey on the employment of university and college graduates in 34 provinces of China,autonomous regions and municipalities during the epidemic from April to June,2020.Based on the collected data,we have the following research findings.Half of the aftertax salary was concentrated at 3001 to 5000 RMB,and the stability of the job on arrival was relatively high.The subjective factors of unemployed graduates and the objective epidemic situation increased the difficulty of employment.Job location and salary were the most valued by the new graduates.The epidemic did not significantly changed the employment expectations of unemployed graduates.The expected job type offers a poor match with the employers’main job type,at the same time,the expected salary of the unemployed graduates was usually higher than the actual salary of the employed graduates and the national monthly disposable income.Graduates'satisfaction evaluation of college employment guidance service was generally positive.However,the issues such as small scale of full-time teachers,professional level was not high etc.Through a logistic regression analysis,it was found that gender,place of origin,family economic status,school type,school level,subject type,subject level,educational background,academic performance,foreign language level,expected salary,job-hunting cost and entrepreneurial consideration had significant differences in influencing employment among different groups.Meanwhile,the four employment problems tend to be ignored and need to be taken seriously.Greater attention must be paid to unemployed graduates from rural areas,the precise assistance of graduates who face financial difficulties in finding jobs;concealed and unavoidable employment discrimination against rural graduates;the issue of substantively helping graduates start businesses to promote employment.