五台山理想景观模式研究

Research on Ideal Landscape Models of Mount Wutai

传统理想景观模式表现了古人对仙境神域的独特认知,为研究佛教名山五台山所表现的理想景观模式及其形成的景观意境,通过历史资料收集、实地调研及地形空间建模的研究方法,从中国传统理想景观模式、佛教理想景观模式2个方面探讨五台山所呈现出的理想景观模式及其特征。研究发现五台山山岳格局映射了传统文化和佛教文化中的圣山模式、堪舆理想空间模式、"清凉胜境"模式、"五方布局"模式。其中,"五方布局"山岳空间和文殊信仰空间成为五台山独特的佛教理想景观特征,并影响到海内外,实现了五台山景观模式的异地重建。五台山理想景观模式的传播转译是中国古代风景文化输出的代表,为中国名山风景名胜理想景观模式的研究和当代风景遗产的保护和文化输出提供一定参考。

The models of traditional ideal landscapes show ancient people’s understanding of the"fairyland".In order to study the models of an ideal landscape,this research begins with the artistic conception of Mount Wutai.Through historical data collection,field investigation and terrain modeling,it discusses ideal landscape models and their characteristics with reference to Mount Wutai from two perspectives:the Chinese traditional ideal landscape model and the Buddhist ideal landscape model.The topographical pattern of Mount Wutai reflects the holy mountain model,the ideal space model of geomancy,the"cool world"model,and the"five directions layout"model in traditional Chinese culture and Buddhist culture.The terrain features of the"five directions layout"and the Manju ri belief space constitute the unique Buddhist ideal landscape characteristics of Mount Wutai,whose landscape model of widespread influences was reconstructed.The transmission of Mount Wutai’s ideal landscape model as representative of ancient Chinese landscape culture serves as a reference for research on the ideal landscape models of famous scenic mountain areas and the protection and cultural transmission of Chinese contemporary landscape heritage.