美国残疾人定制化就业的发展及启示

Development and Enlightenment of Customized Employmentfor the Disabled in the United States

为服务残疾人就业,美国的就业服务已经形成由庇护性就业发展至支持性就业再结合定制化就业的多元模式。定制化就业体现了就业服务从“市场驱动”转向“个人驱动”,从“竞争”转向“贡献”,从“安置”转向“定制”的新发展,包括探索、拟定求职计划、工作开拓和商谈以及就业后支持四个阶段。定制化就业为营造残疾求职者与雇主双赢局面以及完善残疾人就业服务多元发展提供了借鉴。

To promote the employment of people with disabilities,the form of employment provided by the US government has evolved from sheltered employment to supported employment,and now multiple models of customized employment have been proposed.Customized employment reflects a new shift in employment services for people with disabilities,from“market-driven”to“personal-driven”,from“competition”to“contribution”,and from“placement”to“customization”.Customized employment involves four stages:exploration,job search planning,job development and negotiation,and post-employment support.Customized employment provides ideas for creating a win-win situation for disabled job seekers and employers,as well as building a diverse model of employment services for the disabled in our country.