中美贸易差额与贸易利益分析——产品内分工与贸易视角

Analysis of Sino-US Trade Balance and Trade Benefits——From the Perspective of Intra-product Specialization

随着贸易自由化和经济一体化的发展,产品内分工成为全球主要的分工形式,中国凭借廉价劳动力优势参与产品内分工。由产品内分工决定的产品内贸易形成了由产品加工组装顺序决定的贸易差额。但是,这样形成的贸易差额与最终产品贸易或非产品内贸易不同,不能真正反映贸易参与国的贸易利益。基于产品内分工视角对中美贸易摩擦的研究发现,中美贸易差额和贸易利益之间存在错配。以iPhone7全球贸易为例,中国组装一部iPhone7最多只获得3.55美元的加工组装利润,却记录了大量贸易顺差;美国至少获得了437.72美元的利润,却记录了大量贸易逆差。因此,由产品内分工引起的产品内贸易差额不能反映贸易参与国在国际贸易中获得的实际贸易利益。

With the development of trade liberalization and economic globalization,intra-product specialization has become the main form of the international division of labor.China participates in it by virtue of cheap labor.The intra-product trade determined by the intra-product specialization forms the trade balance determined by the order of product processing and assembly.However,the trade balance formed in this way cannot truly reflect the trade benefits of the trade participants,which is different from final product trade and non-product trade.Based on the perspective of intra-product specialization,the research on trade friction between US and China found that there is a mismatch between trade balance and trade benefits.Taking the iPhone7 global trade as an example,China only earns at most$3.55 as profit by assembling an iPhone 7,but is recorded a large trade surplus.On the contrary,the United States has at least$437.72 as profit,but is recorded a large trade deficit.Therefore,the intra-product trade balance caused by the intra-product specialization cannot reflect the actual trade benefits obtained by participating countries in the international trade.