高速列车对站房振动噪声影响的试验研究

Vibration and Noise Measurement of Railway Station Hall Induced by High-Speed Trains

为研究列车通行对综合交通枢纽振动噪声的影响,以成渝高铁沙坪坝站为工程背景,通过现场试验实测了站房候车厅、站台、轨道板的振动加速度以及候车厅、站台区域、轨行区的辐射声压.通过对实测信号分别进行了时域分析和1/3倍频程分析,探究了列车作用下站房的振动传递规律及噪声辐射特性.结果表明:在列车运行荷载作用下,站房与站台的结构振动优势频段为10.0~80.0 Hz,振动随振源距离的增大而减小,站台到候车厅总振级衰减最大值达到13.5 dB;轨道板峰值振动加速度级出现在400.0 Hz处,约为101.0 dB;对候车厅而言,噪声声压级的优势频段为20.0~2500.0 Hz,列车进站总声压级比列车出站高0.5~1.3 dB(A);对站台而言,噪声的优势频段为125.0~1000.0 Hz,列车出站总声压级为86.3 dB(A),比列车进站时高1.3 dB(A);对轮轨噪声自身,其优势频段为200.0~2500.0 Hz,列车进站噪声总声压级为91.1 dB(A),较列车出站时高3.2 dB(A).

In order to study vibration and noise problems of the integrated transportation hub under train load excitations,a field experiment was carried out taking the Shapingba station of Chengdu–Chongqing high-speed railway as the engineering background.The vibration accelerations were measured in the station waiting hall,platform and track slab,while the radiated sound pressures were measured in the waiting hall,platform and track area.Then,time-domain analysis and one-third octave analysis were applied to the measured signals,and the vibration transmission law and noise characteristics of the station induced by running trains were studied.According to the test analysis results,under the train running load the dominant vibration frequency band of the station and platform is 10.0−80.0 Hz.The vibration decreases with the increase of distance from the vibration source,and the maximum attenuation of the total vibration acceleration level from the platform to the waiting hall is 13.5 dB.The maximum vibration acceleration level of track plate appears at 400.0 Hz,which is about 101.0 dB.The dominant frequency band of the sound pressure level in the waiting hall is 20.0−2500.0 Hz,and the overall sound pressure level of the train entering station is about 0.5−1.3 dB(A)higher than that of the train leaving.The dominant frequency band of the station noise is 125.0−1000.0 Hz,and the overall sound pressure level of the station during the outbound period is 87.3 dB(A),which is 1.3 dB(A)higher than that of the inbound period.The dominant frequency band of wheel-rail noise is 200.0−2500.0 Hz,and the overall sound pressure level of the train entering station is 91.1 dB(A),which is higher than that of the train running outward the station by 3.1 dB(A).