摘要
小径竹类是大熊猫的主要食物资源,是大熊猫赖以生存和繁衍的基础。开展大熊猫主食竹的调查研究对于大熊猫的保护具有重要意义。本研究以四川白水河国家级自然保护区的大熊猫主食竹为研究对象,采用样线法和样方法研究了保护区内的大熊猫主食竹种类、种群特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)四川白水河保护区大猫熊的主食竹有白夹竹(Phyllostachys bissetii)、刺黑竹(Chimonobambusa neopurpurea)、短锥玉山竹(Yushania brevipaniculata)、箬叶竹(Indocalamus longiauritus)、冷箭竹(Bashania fangiana)、拐棍竹(Fargesia robusta)和细枝箭竹(F.stenoclada),主要分布于海拔3000 m以下,其克隆生长良好;(2)在7种竹种中,出现1年生克隆分株的样方比区间是47.1%~100%,单位面积内的1年生克隆分株数量占比区间是7.5%~25.9%,出现成竹死亡的样方比区间是23.5%~100%;(3)7种竹种的克隆分株密度区间是14.5~48.8株·m^−2,其中1年生克隆分株密度区间是2~6株·m^−2;(4)7种竹种的平均克隆分株基径在5.2~8.4 mm之间,而平均高度在110.9~189.0 cm之间;(5)海拔仅对冷箭竹的密度有显著影响(P<0.05),而对其余6种竹的密度没有显著影响(P>0.05);(6)郁闭度仅对细枝箭竹的密度、基径和高度有显著影响(P<0.01),而对其余6种竹种的密度、基径和高度没有显著影响(P>0.05);(7)大熊猫主要取食分布广,且受坡度和坡向影响较小的短锥玉山竹和细枝箭竹。建议在大熊猫栖息地和潜在栖息地内适当补植短锥玉山竹和细枝箭竹,以形成异龄竹丛和多竹种的混交竹林。
Dwarf bamboos are the main food resources for the giant panda,which are the basis for the survival and reproduction of the giant panda.The research on the giant panda’s staple diet is of great significance for the protection of the giant panda.In this study,the staple food bamboo of the giant panda in Baishuihe National Nature Reserve was taken as the research object,and the species,population characteristics and environmental factors of staple food bamboo were stuied by sample line and quadrat method.The results were as follows:(1)There were 7 bamboo species in Baishuihe National Nature Reserve,including White bamboo clip(Phyllostachys bissetii),Thorn black bamboo(Chimonobambusa neopurpurea),Bamboo with short cone(Yushania brevipaniculata),broadleaf bamboo(Indocalamus longiauritus),cold arrow bamboo(Bashania fangiana),Bamboo stick(Fargesia robusta),Twigs arrow bamboo(F.stenoclada),which were mainly distributed below 3000 m above sea level and grown well by cloning.(2)Among the 7 bamboo species,the quadrat ratio of 1-year-old clonal ramets was 47.1%−100%,the quadrat ratio of 1-year-old clonal ramets per unit area was 7.5%−25.9%,and the quadrat ratio of bamboo death was 23.5%−100%.(3)The density range of clonal ramets of 7 bamboo species was 14.5−48.8/m^2,among which the density range of 1-year-old clonal ramets was 2−6/m^2.(4)The average diameter of clonal ramets of 7 bamboo species was 5.2−8.4 mm,and the average height was 110.9−189.0 cm.(5)Altitude only had a significant effect on the density of cold arrow bamboo(P<0.05),but had no significant impact on the density of the other 6 bamboo species(P>0.05).(6)The canopy density only had a significant effect on the density,basal diameter and height of Twigs arrow bamboos(P<0.01),but had no significant effect on the other 6 bamboo species(P>0.05).(7)Giant panda mainly feed on short cone Yushan bamboo and Twigs arrow bamboo,which were widely distributed and less affected by slope and aspect.It’s suggested that the short cone Yushan bamboo and Twigs arrow bamboo should be replanted properly in the habitat and potential habitat of the giant panda,in order to form mixed bamboo forests with different ages and multiple bamboo species.
作者
彭科
陈旭
张宣
房超
杨彪
PENG Ke;CHENG Xu;ZHANG Xuan;FANG Chao;YANG Biao(Pengzhou Bureau of Planning and Natural Resources,Pengzhou 611930,China;Chengdu Changxin Environmental Protection Technology Co.,LTD.,Chengdu 610047,China;Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education),China West Normal University,Nanchong 637002,China)
出处
《四川林业科技》
2020年第5期94-104,共11页
Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology
关键词
大熊猫主食竹
种群特征
海拔
郁闭度
Staple food bamboo for giant panda
Population characteristics
Altitude
Canopy density