制造业全要素生产率演化及其成因研究——对深圳资源配置模式与制造业发展的关系分析

A Study of Calculation and Decomposition of Manufacturing Enterprises’ Total Factor Productivity in Shenzhen

全要素生产率是实现经济高质量发展的关键因素,其提升主要来源于资源配置效率改善和技术进步等。以深圳制造业为研究对象,从构建面板数据,处理资本、中间投入、直接材料消耗、劳动力和价格指数变量等方面全面规整深圳2005-2014年规模以上工业企业数据库,测算制造业企业层面全要素生产率(TFP),重点分析其生产率动态演变中资源配置效应。结果显示,2009-2014年深圳制造业TFP年平均增长2.58%,高于同期中国TFP年均1.31%的增速。从TFP离散度等指标看,深圳制造业存在一定的资源误置现象,但资源重置优化程度逐渐提升。MP生产率分解结果看,深圳制造业生产率增长中资源配置效应略大于企业自身成长效应,契合"市场在资源配置中起决定性作用"的改革思路。

Total factor productivity is a key factor for achieving high-quality economic development,and its improvement mainly comes from the improvement of resource allocation efficiency and technological progress.This paper sorts out the annual survey database of industrial enterprises above designated size in Shenzhen during 2005-2014,by constructing a panel data,processing variables including capital,investment,intermediate input,material consumption and employment,and building input and output price indices.It calculates the total factor productivity from the firm level in term of LP method and OP method,and finally analyzes the resource allocation efficiency in the dynamic changes of Shenzhen’s manufacturing TFP.It is found that the average annual growth rate of Shenzhen manufacturing TFP in 2009-2014 is 2.58%,higher than 1.31%of the Chinese TFP.There are resource misplacement phenomena in Shenzhen’s manufacturing industry,but the optimization degree of resource reset is gradually increasing.Resource allocation efficiency plays a more important role than the development of the firms in the TFP growth,which is in line with the reform idea that market plays a decisive role in resource allocation.This study will provide a useful reference for Chinese cities to improve TFP and transform towards high level development.