关怀自身与万物一体——福柯生存伦理学与王阳明工夫论之比较

Self-concern and Unity——A Comparison between Foucault's Survival Ethics and Wang Yangming's Gongfu Theory

福柯在探索“知识-权力”关系之后,将重心转向伦理主体,提倡生存伦理学。王阳明工夫论也包含了大量生存伦理思想,两者具有一定的相似性。将福柯生存伦理学与王阳明工夫论进行比较,可以发现,两者都提出了具有实践性、知识性、主体性和精神性等特点的修身理论。但是,以西方主客对立和中国天人合一为哲学基础的这两种伦理思想,又具有主体先行与主客统一、个体本位与社会本位、神性境界与天地境界这三个层面的差异。王阳明工夫论既涵盖了福柯的个人伦理诉求,又追求天人合一的天地境界,对当代西方伦理学的发展具有重要的借鉴意义。

After exploring the“knowledge-power”relationship,Foucault shifted his focus to the ethical subject and advocated an ethics of survival.Wang Yangming's theory of work also contains a large number of survival ethical ideas,and the two have certain similarities.Comparing Foucault's ethics of survival with Wang Yangming's work theory,it can be found that both propose a theory of cultivation with characteristics of practicality,knowledge,subjectivity and spirituality.However,these two ethical ideas,which are based on the Western philosophy of subject-object dichotomy and the Chinese philosophy of the unity of heaven and man,have three levels of difference:the subject first and the object,the individual and the society,and the realm of the divine and the realm of heaven and earth.The theory of Yang Ming Wujing covers both Foucault's personal ethical aspirations and the pursuit of the unity of heaven and earth,and is an important reference for the development of contemporary Western ethics.