基于语体差异的中国语言形象建构研究

On the Construction of Chinese Language Image Based on Style Differences

作为审美对象、文化载体、思维和交际工具,语言承载着诸多价值。伴随综合国力的增强,中国语言的“实用”形象得以进一步凸显,但与英语等其他语种相比,中国语言的国际形象仍有待提高。中国语言形象应立足于多层次、多方位的整体性建构,即除了基于交际层面而生的“实用”形象需稳扎稳打外,中国语言的其他价值也需尽快进行挖掘。作为认知、文化、思维的重要载体,中国语言除“实用”形象外,其“可用”“易用”形象是我们目前急需着力建构的两个重要方面。就中国语言“可用”形象而言,需把握“两时”“两度”的关系,即:共时角度下的中国语言“可用”形象,不仅要注重其“听懂与否”“看懂与否”的交流意图和信息传递,还要关照其语音、文字、文体修辞等多方位的审美表达;从历时角度来看,不同历史阶段的中国语言有其特定的文化价值,承载着中华先哲的智慧结晶,学好、用好时下的语言固然重要,但过去的语言也不能忽视。同时,还应重视中国语言“可用”形象的广度与深度问题,在各地域、各领域树立中国语言国际形象,并透过语言表层反映其蕴含的思维、审美和逻辑内涵。因为中国语言“实用”“可用”形象的塑造都建立在人们熟悉并掌握语言的前提之下,因此,还要大力建构其“易用”形象。从语音、语义、汉字、文化及其公信力等角度研究汉语的言(口语)与文(书面语)差异性,既有利于避免人们对语言的单一化理解,又有利于中国语言“可用”“易用”形象的建构。

As an aesthetic object,cultural carrier,thinking and communication tool,language carries many values.With the enhancement of comprehensive national strength,the“practical”image of Chinese language has been further highlighted,but compared with other languages such as English,the international image of Chinese language still needs to be improved.Chinese language image should be based on the holistic construction of multi-level and multi-directional,that is,in addition to the“practical”image based on communication level,other values of Chinese language should be excavated as soon as possible.As an important carrier of cognition,culture and thinking,in addition to the“practical”image,the“usable”and“easy to use”images of Chinese language are two important aspects that we urgently need to construct.As far as the“usable”image of Chinese language is concerned,it is necessary to grasp the relationship between“two times”and“two degrees”,that is,the image of Chinese language available“from a synchronic perspective”,shall not only pay attention to its communication intention and information transmission of“whether to understand in listening”as well as“to understand in reading”,but also to its phonetic,written,stylistic and rhetorical aesthetic expressions.From the diachronic point of view,the Chinese language of different historical stages has its specific cultural value,bearing the wisdom of the Chinese sages.It is important to learn and use the current language well,but the language of the past cannot be ignored.At the same time,we should pay attention to the breadth and depth of the“available”image of Chinese language,set up the international image of Chinese language in all regions and fields,and reflect its thinking,aesthetic and logical connotation through the surface layer of language.Because the construction of“practical”and“usable”image in Chinese language is based on the premise that people are familiar with and master the language,it is necessary to construct its“easy to use”image.The study of the differences between Chinese language(spoken language)and text(written language)from the perspective of pronunciation,semantics,Chinese characters,culture and its credibility is not only conducive to avoiding people's single understanding of language,but also conducive to the construction of“usable”and“easy to use”images of Chinese language.