营商环境、供给侧结构性改革和高质量发展研究

On Business Environment,Supply-side Structural Reforms and High-quality Development

在后金融危机时代,优化营商环境是世界各国刺激经济发展的重要手段,也是中国政府简政放权、推动供给侧结构性改革、促进高质量发展的重要举措。文章利用世界银行和弗雷泽研究所2000—2017年的跨国面板数据,借助动态面板估计、面板工具变量估计等方法,研究营商环境对经济发展和结构优化的影响。研究发现:一是改善营商环境,对经济短期和长期发展有显著的正向影响。动态面板估计结果显示,营商环境改善1个百分点,人均实际GDP短期提高0.049个百分点、长期提高2.61个百分点。二是在营商环境的各个子指标中,降低政府管制、提高产权保护程度、增加跨境贸易便利程度,对经济发展有显著的正向影响;控制政府规模和货币发行总量,暂未发现明显的影响。三是改善营商环境有助于吸引外资流入、提高资本投资水平,有助于提高服务业占比、优化经济结构,对经济高质量发展有显著影响。解决单位根、内生性问题和引入其他代理变量后,结论依然成立,表明研究结果具有一定的稳健性。政策层面上,一是全面深化经济体制改革,持续优化营商环境,进一步发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用;二是减少政府对经济的直接干预,给予不同经济主体同等的市场地位,切实做好产权保护,提高开放型经济水平。

In the post-financial crisis era,optimizing the business environment is not only an important means to stimulate economic development in all countries of the world,but also an important measure for the Chinese government to simplify the decentralization of government,promote supply-side structural reform,and promote high-quality development.This paper studies the impact of business environment on economic development and structural optimization by using the transnational panel data from 2000 to 2017 by the World Bank and Fraser Institute,and applying dynamic panel estimation and panel tool variable estimation.It is found:first,to improve the business environment has a significant positive impact on both the short-term and long-term economic development.Dynamic panel estimates show that the business environment is improved by 1 percentage point,real GDP per capita is increased by 0.049 percentage points in the short term and 2.61 percentage points in the long term.Second,among the sub-indicators of the business environment,reducing government regulation,improving the degree of property rights protection,and increasing the degree of freedom of cross-border trade have a significant positive impact on economic development;controlling the size of the government and the total amount of money issued has not been found to have a significant impact.Third,improving the business environment will help attract foreign capital inflows,raise the level of capital investment,help to increase the proportion of service industries,and optimize the economic structure,which have a significant impact on the high-quality development of the economy.After solving the unit root,endogeneity problem and introducing other proxy variables,the conclusion is still valid,which indicates that the research results are robust.At the policy level,one is to comprehensively deepen the reform of the economic system,continuously optimize the business environment,and further give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources;the other is to reduce the direct government intervention in the economy,give different economic subjects equal market position,do a good job of property rights protection,and improve the level of open economy.