欲力的机制--斯宾诺莎哲学中善恶概念的推理结构

The Mechanism of Conatus--The Deductive Structure of the Notion of Good and Bad in the Philosophy of Spinoza

斯宾诺莎哲学中有三种定义善恶概念的方式,以欲力(conatus)的概念为线索,能更好地澄清这三重定义,以及三者间的推理结构。借助完满性概念来定义善恶的第一种方式,依赖于对欲力的静态分析。借助情感理论所定义的第二种善恶概念,则侧重于不同个体之欲力在关系中的动态分析。最后,真正具有伦理学指向、围绕主动和被动概念所定义的善恶概念,不仅囊括了前两种定义中的静态分析和动态分析,且指出了欲力概念中隐含的自身肯定的倾向。由此能够更清楚地把握到,在斯宾诺莎哲学中善恶概念以及相关的价值范畴如何能够以一种发生学方法得到说明。

Based on an analysis of the concept of Conatus,we try to distinguish three kinds of definitions of good and bad in the philosophy of Spinoza,and reestablish the deductive strcuture between them.We will explain that,the first definition of good and bad,which depends on the notion of perfection,is indeed based on a kind of statistique analysis of conatus.The second kind of definition,which relies on the theory of affects,emphasizes the dynamique analysis of conatus which is situated in their mutual relations.Finally,the third definition of good and bad,which is based on the notions of active and passive,and which has an indicative function in ethics,including the statistique and dynamique analysis deduced from the first two definitions.And furthermore,it also points out the auto-affirmative nature of conatus as its internal tendency.By those demonstrations,we hope to explain how the notions of good and bad,as well as the relative categories of values,are deduced in a generic way in the philosophy of Spinoza.