风险感知视角下邻避冲突中公众行为演化及化解策略——以浙江余杭垃圾焚烧项目为例

Public Behavior Evolution and Resolution Strategy of NIMBY Conflict from the Perspective of Risk Perception—A Case Study of Waste Incineration Project inYuhang,Zhejiang Province

近几年中国公众对有害邻避设施(垃圾焚烧、化工厂等)带来环境风险的强烈感知,使得邻避类群体性事件高发频发。风险感知视角下浙江余杭垃圾焚烧项目先后经历了强烈的风险感知、坚决反对—风险感知的下降、尝试了解—态度转变、迎臂接纳三个阶段,最终成功破题原址建设。风险感知视角下邻避项目中公众的行为演化机理遵循的逻辑为:项目本身的实体风险—风险感知的放大—危机产生—介入因素转变—风险感知降低—危机解除。要摆脱邻避项目陷入应急处理的窠臼,应构建嵌入公众风险感知的常态化决策程序,其内核为公众风险感知的嵌入,中间为到位的风险沟通、科学的技术评估与合理的利益补偿三环相扣的闭环环节,协商民主的理念则贯穿整个过程。

In recent years,the Chinese public have developed a strong perception of environmental risk brought by harmful NIMBY facilities(waste incineration,chemical plants,etc.),which have caused frequent mass incidents.From the perspective of risk perception,the municipal solid waste incineration project inYuhang,Zhejiang Province has experienced such steps as strong risk perception,firm opposition,declination of risk perception,attempt in understanding,change of attitude,and acceptance.In sequence,the evolution mechanism of public behavior in NIMBY projects follows a logic of physical risk,amplification of the risk perception,generation of the crisis,transformation of the intervention factors,declination of the risk perception,and resolution of the crisis.In order to get rid of the emergency treatment of NIMBY projects,a normal decision-making procedure embedded with public risk perception should be constructed,whose core is the public risk perception,with the close link of risk communication,scientific technical assessment and reasonable interest compensation,the concept of deliberative democracy running through the whole procedure.