摆动型生计:生计能力视域下的生存策略选择——以重庆市M镇易地扶贫搬迁安置点为例

Livelihood of Pendulum Mobility:the Choice of Survival Strategies from the Perspective of Livelihood Capacity——A Case Study of the Relocation Site of Poverty Alleviation in M Town of Chongqing

易地扶贫搬迁背景下,生计能力显著地作用于搬迁户生计策略的选择。作为集主动性与反抗性于一体的分析范式,生计能力源于脆弱性与可持续生计研究中关于适应能力的探讨,是内生能力与外在资源赋予能力的结合体,是由能力与过程组合而成的能力结构。易地扶贫搬迁后续发展中,生计能力成为影响搬迁户脱贫致富的重要机制。搬迁户虽面临无土安置与行动能力低下的生存挑战,但易地扶贫搬迁提升了他们的自主选择能力。在选择与调适的过程中,受限于生计能力,搬迁户选择钟摆式流动的生存策略。通过此种方式,他们以生产性要素的"复制"与"转化"应对生计困境,较好适应了新环境,形成一种摆动型生计。

In the context of poverty alleviation and relocation,livelihood capacity plays a significant role in the choice of livelihood strategies.As an analytical paradigm that integrates initiative and resistance,livelihood capacity originates from the discussion of adaptive capacity in the study of vulnerability and sustainable livelihood,and is a combination of endogenous capacity and the capacity given byexternal resources.It is a capacity structure formed by the combination of capacity and process.In the follow-up development of poverty alleviation and relocation in different places,livelihood capacity has become an important mechanism affecting the relocation of households to shake off poverty and become rich.Although the relocation families are faced with the survival challenges of landless resettlement and low mobility,the relocation of poverty alleviation in the easy place has enhanced their ability of independent choice.In the process of selection and adjustment,due to the lack of life capacity,the relocation households choose a survival strategy of pendulum mobility.In this way,they deal with the livelihood dilemma with the"replication"and"transformation"of productive elements,so they have better adapted themselves to the new environment,and formed a kind of swinging livelihood.