建构网络恐怖主义治理的国际规范——一种新自由制度主义的分析框架

Constructing International Norms for the Governance of Cyber Terrorism—An Analytical Framework of Neo-liberal Institutionalism

处于全球化纵深演进和信息化迅速发展的时代,互联网在客观上成为恐怖主义滋生的放大器。与网络冲突、网络间谍和网络犯罪一样,网络恐怖主义成为网络空间安全的威胁来源和风险因素,是国际安全领域最新型、最棘手的难题之一。为此,需要通过国际规范的建构与扩散,降低互联网对极端主义的赋能。基于新自由制度主义关于国际合作的理论,经由"组织、机制和惯习"的路径,即网络空间治理层面的"共同协作"、日常层面的"威慑防范"和惩戒层面的"合力打击",可以构建网络恐怖主义治理的人类利益与命运的共同体。就现实而言,尽管由于各国的法律框架和安全措施存在差异,网络追查无法准确溯源,在切断传播路径上企业和国家之间存在价值冲突等原因,打击和处罚经常是跨国性质的网络恐怖主义尚存在很多问题与挑战,国际社会已经开始从规则、机制、机构和秩序等维度凝聚共识、联动备战并持续努力,进而通过加强各国的政策和实践协调及威胁信息和最佳实践的共享等,为形成惯习、建立全球性的制度框架提供可行的路径。

In the era of rapid globalization and information technology,the Internet has objectively become an amplifier for breeding terrorism.Like cyber conflict,cyber espionage and cyber crime,cyber terrorism has become a threat source and risk factor of cyberspace security,making it one of the newest and most intractable problems in the field of international security.To this end,it is necessary to reduce the capacity of the Internet to extremism through the construction and diffusion of international norms.Based on the theory of international cooperation of neo-liberal institutionalism,through the path of"organization,mechanism and habitus",that is,"common cooperation"at the level of cyberspace governance,"deterrence and prevention"at the daily level and"joint strike"at the disciplinary level,we can build a human community with shared interests and destiny in the governance of cyber terrorism.In reality,due to the differences of legal framework and security measures in different countries,cyber tracing cannot be conducted accurately;and many problems and challenges still exist in cracking down and punishing cyber terrorism because of the value conflicts between enterprises and governments in cutting off the transmission.However,the international community has reached a consensus on the rules,mechanisms,institutions and order in fighting against cyber terrorism,and strengthened the coordination of policies and practices and the sharing of threat information and best practices,which provides a feasible path for the formation of habitus and the establishment of a global institutional framework.