公众参与环境保护的机制与效应——基于中国CGSS的经验观察

The Mechanism and Effect of Public Participation in Environmental Protection:Evidence Based on CGSS in China

提升公众环保参与水平、完善多元主体环境治理模式是当前我国环境治理体系建设的主要方向。本文在理论上探寻了公众环保参与的内部层次结构与互动机制,以及外部因素对公众环保参与的影响机制,并运用中国综合社会调查数据进行了实证分析。研究发现:我国公众环保参与由低到高可划分为利诱性参与、象征性参与、实质性参与三个层次,各层次环保参与度间均存在显著的正向互动影响机制,且高层次对低层次环保参与的拉动效应大于低层次对高层次环保参与的推动效应;环境污染是公众环保参与的根本动因,且高层次公众参与具有更强的环境治理效应,高层次参与不足成为中国公众参与水平低的主要原因;政府治理与高层次参与间的协同性差,同时政府治理对公众参与的挤出效应显著。最后本文基于提升高层次公众参与水平、提高政府治理与高层次参与协同能力的考虑提出了政策建议。

To improve the level of public participation in environmental protection and improve the multi-subject environmental governance model are the main directions of China's environmental governance system construction.This paper theoretically explores the internal hierarchical structure and interactive mechanism of public participation in environmental protection,as well as the influence mechanism of external factors on public environmental protection participation,and makes an empirical analysis using the data of China Comprehensive Social Survey.The results show that public participation in environmental protection can be divided into three levels from bottom to top,including induced participation,symbolic participation and substantive participation.There is a significant positive interaction mechanism among all levels of environmental protection participation,and the pull effect of high-level on low-level environmental protection participation is greater than the push effect of low-level on high-level environmental protection participation.Environmental pollution is the fundamental motivation of public participation in environmental protection,and high-level public participation has a stronger effect on environmental governance.The synergy between government governance and high-level participation is poor,and the crowding out effect of government governance on public participation is significant at the same time.Finally,based on the consideration of improving the level of high-level public participation,improving the collaborative ability of government governance and high-level participation,this paper puts forward policy recommendations.