论中国移民法律制度的历史演进与制度建构

Comparative Analysis and System Construction of Chinese Immigration Legal System

新中国成立后,我国移民法律制度经历了严格防控、转型、深化改革三个重要阶段。目前,随着我国吸引力的增强和持续扩大开放,现有移民法律制度存在的移民概念缺失、整体性设计和通盘谋划不足、立法精细化欠缺、非常规移民治理能力不足等问题开始显现出来。进入新时代,为了进一步深化改革和扩大对外开放,2018年国家移民管理局正式组建成立,开启了新时代我国移民法律制度建设的新篇章。为加快构建我国的移民法律制度,提升移民服务和移民权利保障水平,消除非常规移民带来的负面影响,我国应借鉴美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等传统移民国家和德国、英国、南非等新移民国家的移民法律制度的实践经验,尽快制定统一的移民法,统一移民法律概念并实行分类管理,改进移民立法技术,提高非常规移民的风险化解能力,实现移民治理体系和治理能力现代化。

After the founding of new China,China's immigration legal system has gone through three important stages:strict prevention and control,transformation and deepening reform.At present,with the enhancement of attraction and continuous expansion of opening-up in China,the existing immigration legal system has some problems,such as the lack of immigration concept,the lack of overall design and overall planning,the lack of refinement of legislation,the lack of governance capacity of irregular immigrants and so on.In the New Era,in order to further deepen the reform and expand the opening up,the National Immigration administration was officially established in 2018,opening a new chapter in the construction of China's immigration legal system in the New Era.In order to speed up the construction of China's immigration legal system,improve the level of immigration services and protection of immigration rights,and avoid the negative impact of irregular immigration,we should learn from the experience of the traditional immigration countries such as the United States,Canada,Australia,New Zealand and the new immigration countries such as Germany,the United Kingdom,South Africa in the construction of immigration legal system,and formulate a unified immigration code as soon as possible,unify the concept of law and the implementation of classified management,improve immigration legislation technology,improve the ability to resolve the risk of irregular immigrants,and realize the modernization of immigration governance system and governance ability.