兜底条款的应用现状及完善措施

The Application Status and Improvement Measures of the Miscellaneous Provisions

兜底条款指的是在大量法律条文当中普遍存在的一般性规定,概括性、模糊性与简义性是其显著特点,它能增强法律严密性,弥补立法者认识能力不足,提高立法语言技术的有效性。目前,我国兜底条款的解释缺乏规范性与明确性,兜底条款滥用现象普遍存在。有必要严格解释原则和体系解释方法,合理建立我国的事后司法审查机制,并合理借鉴西方兜底条款的精髓,解读我国兜底条款,例如发挥案例指导的作用,赋予法官司法解释权等。

The miscellaneous provisions refers to the general provisions that commonly exist in a large number of legal provisions. It has the salient features of generality, ambiguity and conciseness, and it can enhance the tightness of the law, make up for the lack of legislators’ awareness, and improve the effectiveness of legislative language technology. At present, the interpretation of miscellaneous provisions in China lacks normalization and definiteness, and the abuse of miscellaneous provisions is widespread. It is necessary to strictly interpret the principles and system interpretation methods, reasonably establish our country’s postjudicial review mechanism, and reasonably learn from the essence of Western miscellaneous provisions to interpret our miscellaneous provisions, such as giving full play to the role of case guidance and giving judges the power of judicial interpretation, etc.