重度先天性上睑下垂伴弱视患者的脉络膜厚度分析

Choroidal thickness in severe congenital ptosis with amblyopia

目的测量重度先天性上睑下垂伴弱视患者脉络膜厚度变化,并与不伴弱视患者进行差异比较。方法采用横断面研究设计,收集2019年1月至10月就诊于山西省眼科医院的重度先天性上睑下垂患者60例83眼,其中伴弱视患者29例37眼,不伴弱视患者36例46眼。同期纳入正常对照37例37眼。所有患者均扩瞳验光并计算等效球镜度(SE),IOL-Master测量眼轴长度。采用EDI-OCT测量黄斑区脉络膜厚度,共测量13点,具体位置为黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度(SFCT)以及分别距离中心凹鼻侧(nasal)、颞侧(temporal)、上方(superior)、下方(inferior)1、2、3 mm处脉络膜厚度,根据位置及与中心凹的距离,分别用N1、N2、N3、T1、T2、T2、S1、S2、S3、I1、I2、I3表示。统计比较各组间SE、散光度数绝对值、眼轴长度及各点脉络膜厚度,采用校正眼轴长度协方差分析方法比较各组间不同测量点厚度,采用Spearman秩相关分析评估脉络膜厚度与眼轴长度和SE之间的相关性,采用一元线性回归分析评估各组年龄对眼轴长度的影响。结果与非弱视组和正常对照组相比,弱视组患儿SE、散光度绝对值更大,眼轴长度更短(均P<0.05)。弱视组、非弱视组和正常对照组平均SFCT分别为(388.85±54.85)、(301.48±56.68)和(287.08±61.88)μm。除I3外,弱视组其余各部位脉络膜厚度均明显大于非弱视组和正常对照组(均P<0.05)。校正眼轴长度后,除S3、I3外,弱视组其余部位脉络膜厚度均大于非弱视组和正常对照组,差别均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。各组脉络膜均为SFCT最厚,鼻侧最薄。各组SFCT均与眼轴长度呈负相关(弱视组:rs=-0.340,P=0.045;非弱视组:rs=-0.340,P=0.020;正常对照组:rs=-0.463,P<0.001),与SE呈正相关(弱视组:rs=0.350,P=0.039;非弱视组:rs=0.412,P=0.004;正常对照组:rs=0.450,P=0.005)。在非弱视组和正常对照组中,年龄是眼轴长度的影响因素(β=0.243、0.225,均P<0.001)。结论与非弱视重度先天性上睑下垂患者相比,重度先天性上睑下垂伴有弱视患者SE、散光度绝对值以及黄斑区脉络膜厚度较大,眼轴长度较短。脉络膜厚度可能与重度先天性上睑下垂患者弱视的发生有关。

Objective To measure the choroidal thickness(CT)in the macular area of patients with amblyopia in severe congenital ptosis and to compare the thickness with that of severe congenital ptosis without amblyopia.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed.Total of 83 eyes of 60 severe congenital ptosis patients were enrolled from January to October in the year 2019 in the Shanxi Eye Hospital,including 29 patients 37 eyes with amblyopia and 36 patients 46 eyes without amblyopia.Thirty-seven eyes of 37 normal people were included in the control group.All subjects underwent mydriatic optometry and the spherical equivalent(SE)was calculated.IOL-Master was used to measure the axial length(AL),and EDI-OCT was used to measure the CT in the macular area.The CT was measured at 13 points:directly beneath the fovea(SFCT)and at 1 mm,2 mm and 3 mm intervals to the nasal,temporal,superior and inferior to the fovea.The points of CT measurements were named according to their positions and distances relative to the fovea,and represented by SFCT,N1,N2,N3,T1,T2,T3,S1,S2,S3,I1,I2,I3 respectively.The SE,absolute astigmatism degree,AL and CT at each point were compared among the groups.The corrected AL covariance analysis was used to compare the CT at different measurement points among the groups.Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between CT and AL or SE,and unitary linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of age on AL in each group.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi Eye Hospital.All the subjects signed informed consent.Results Compared with the non-amblyopia group and control group,the SE and absolute astigmatism value was larger,and the AL was shorter in the amblyopia group(all at P<0.05).The mean SFCT was(388.85±54.85),(301.48±56.68),and(287.08±61.88)μm in the amblyopia group,non-amblyopia group,and control group,respectively.Except for I3,the CT values of the rest parts in the amblyopia group were greater than those in the non-amblyopia group and the control group(all at P<0.05).Except for S3 and I3,the CT values of the rest parts in the amblyopia group were greater than those in the non-amblyopia group and the control group after adjusting the AL(P<0.05).In all the three groups,the CT value was high in the subfovea and was thin in the nasal side.The SFCT was negatively correlated with AL(amblyopia group:r s=-0.340,P=0.045;non-amblyopia group:r s=-0.340,P=0.020;control group:r s=-0.463,P<0.001)and positively correlated with SE(amblyopia group:r s=0.350,P=0.039;non-amblyopia group:r s=0.412,P=0.004;control group:r s=0.450,P=0.005)in each group.Age was the influencing factor of AL in the non-amblyopia group and the control group(β=0.243,0.225;both at P<0.001).Conclusions In comparison with severe congenital ptosis without amblyopia,the SE and absolute astigmatism degree are larger,the AL is shorter,and the CT values at most areas are higher in the severe congenital ptosis with amblyopia.CT value may be associated with the development of amblyopia in severe congenital ptosis.