从天聪八年宣府、大同运动战看后金的政权结构

Research on Later Jin's Regime Structure from the Perspective of the Xuanfu and Datong Mobile Battle in the Eighth Year of the Tiancong Period

天聪八年的宣府、大同运动战是皇太极第二次入关之战。这一年,在政治上,后金不仅巩固了领主分封制的特殊政权,还设立了蒙古衙门,改革武职品级。在军事上,通过对行军途中察哈尔余部的收编,并巧妙利用蒙古诸部联合作战,撼动了明朝的统治根基,进一步扩大了自身的军事、政治力量。该文参考《内国史院档天聪八年》记载的史料,从宣府、大同运动战中军队的来源、地位的角度,结合满族特有的八旗制度分析皇太极时期的后金政权结构。

The Xuanfu and Datong mobile battle in the eighth year of the Tiancong period was the second battle of Hong Taiji to enter the Shanhai Pass.In this year,in politics,Later Jin not only consolidated the special regime of the enfeoffment system,but also set up the Mongol Office and reformed the ranks of military officials.In military,by incorporating the Chahar remainder on the march,and cleverly using the joint operations with the Inner Mongol forces,it shook the foundation of the Ming Dynasty,and its military and political forces were further expanded.Referring to the historical materials in the"Records of National History during the Tiancong Period",and with the source and status of the army in the battle as a breakthrough point,this paper analyzes Later Jin's regime structure during the Hong Taiji period based on the unique Eight Banners system of the Man nationality.