南岳衡山1975—2015年的气候变化特征

Climate change characteristics of Nanyue Hengshan Mountain area from 1975 to 2015

全球气候变化已经成为共识,但区域气候变化规律缺乏对应研究。本研究以衡山地区1975—2015年气象数据为基础,采用线性倾向率、Mann-Kendall非参数检验、滑动T检验和小波分析等方法对其气候变化规律进行分析。结果表明:40 a来衡山地区年均气温呈增加趋势,年降水量呈先增加后减少的趋势;年均气温的线性平均增温率为0.38℃·10-1·a-1,明显高于全球和全国水平;年最低气温的增幅远高于年最高气温和年均气温的,且冬季的降水量增加幅度明显高于夏季的;其他气象因子如年均月日照时数、年均相对湿度、年均风速、年均大气压等均呈现下降趋势显著的特征;小波分析表明衡山地区在年均气温上呈现偏高和偏低交替变化的特征,在整个时间尺度上有2个偏高中心和3个偏低中心,年降水量在17~26 a尺度上出现了3次震荡。

Global climate change has become a consensus,but regional climate change laws is lack of corresponding research.Based on the meteorological data of Hengshan Mountain area from 1975 to 2015,the climate change trend and characteristics was estimated using linear regression analysis,Mann-Kendall test,moving T-test and wavelet analysis.The results show that air temperature increasing and the precipitation increasing first then decreasing in the past 40 years in Hengshan Mountain area.The annual mean air temperature increased at the trend rate of 0.38℃·10-1·a-1,is significantly above global and national levels.The increasing trend of annual mean minimum temperature is more obvious than the annual mean maximum temperature and the annual mean temperature.And the increasing trend of precipitation is obvious in winter than in summer.Other meteorological factors,such as sunshine hours,relative humidity,average wind speed,atmospheric pressure,which showed a significant decreasing trend.Wavelet analysis shows that the annual mean temperature of Hengshan Mountain area exits characteristic with alternately more and less changes,which have two more centers and three less centers on the whole time scale.The annual precipitation exits a three shocks on the 17~26 years.