花溪-松柏山水库主要入库河流毒性污染状况及健康风险评价

Toxicity pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of main influent rivers in Huaxi-Songbaishan reservoir

对花溪-松柏山水库主要入库河流进行布点采样并测定了水样中As、Cd、Cr^6+、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、氟化物等13种污染物的质量浓度,采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗污染指数法评价河流污染状况,并应用美国环境保护署(United States Environmental Protection Agency,USEPA)推荐的环境健康风险评价模型分别评价河流中污染物对成人与儿童、男性与女性的健康风险。结果表明:1)研究区域内Fe和Mn污染物超标,超标倍数范围分别为1.2~2.2和1.2~4.6;内梅罗综合污染指数评价结果表明,河流R5和R6水体受到了不同程度的污染,以Fe、Mn对污染指数的贡献最大。2)该区域化学致癌物致癌风险远大于非致癌物健康风险,均低于国际放射防护委员会(International Commission on Radiological Protection,ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平(5.0×10^-5 a^-1),但致癌物中Cr^6+和As对不同人群产生的致癌风险普遍超出瑞典环境保护局(Swedish Environmental Protection Agency)、英国皇家协会(The Royal Society)、荷兰建设和环境部(Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment,Netherlands)推荐的最大可接受风险水平(1×10^-6a^-1),致癌风险优先控制顺序为Cr^6+>As>Cd。3)化学致癌物及非致癌物对不同人群的健康风险均表现为儿童>成人、男性>女性。

The main influent rivers of Huaxi-Songbaishan reservoir were sampled and the concentrations of As,Cd,Cr^6+,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,fluoride and other 13 pollutants in water samples were determined.A single factor pollution index method and Nemero pollution index method were calculated to assess the pollution for river.Furthermore,the environmental health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)was used to evaluate the health risks of pollutants in rivers to adults and children,men and women respectively.The results showed that:1)the Fe and Mn pollutants exceeded the standard in the study area,and the range of exceeding the standards was 1.2~2.2 and 1.2~4.6 respectively.The evaluation results of Nemero comprehensive pollution index showed that the rivers R5 and R6 were polluted in different degrees.The contribution of Fe and Mn to pollution index is the greatest.2)The carcinogenic risk of chemical carcinogens in this region is much higher than the health risk of non-carcinogens,both of which are lower than the maximum acceptable risk level of 5.0×10^-5 a^-1 recommended by ICRP(International Commission on Radiological Protection).However,Cr^6+and As in carcinogens are generally more likely to cause cancer in different populations than the maximum acceptable risk level of 1×10^-6 a^-1 recommended by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency,the Royal Society of the United Kingdom,and Ministry of Construction and the Environment of the Netherlands.The control order of carcinogenic risk priority is Cr^6+>As>Cd.3)The health risks of chemical carcinogens and non-carcinogens are higher in children than adults,males than females.