岩石-土壤-四川牡丹元素迁移体系中的微生物效应

Microbial Effects on Elements Migration in Rock-Soil-Paeonia Szechuanica System

[目的]研究四川牡丹岩土环境背景以及微生物在元素迁移过程中的作用,为了解营养元素的表生地球化学行为规律及微生物在元素迁移体系中的作用提供理论依据。[方法]利用ICP-OES测定四川牡丹生境母岩、土壤以及种子的大量(P,S,K,Ca,Na,Mg,Al)、微量(Fe,Mn,Cu)营养元素含量,同时利用Illumina高通量测序技术测定根际土壤中细菌、真菌的组成和结构。[结果]①四川牡丹生长土壤以弱碱富钙为主要特征,元素组成基本保留了母岩特征;②元素从母岩到土壤中的迁移富集系数排序为:Ca>Na>S>P>Mg>K>Al>Fe>Mn>Cu,植物吸收系数排序为:P>S>K>Cu>Mg>Ca>Na>Mn>Fe>Al;③碱土金属淋溶率和铝铁率对土壤细菌的多样性(Alpha)影响显著,但对真菌的影响不显著;④P,Mn的迁移主要受母岩控制,而Ca,Mg,Fe,S等元素的迁移富集受到了微生物的影响。[结论]细菌和真菌在元素迁移体系中的作用相似,主要参与Fe,S,Mg,Ca的相关反应过程。

[Objective]The environmental background of parent rock and soil of Paeonia szechuanica was studied in order to provide a theoretical reference for understanding the supergene geochemical behavior of nutrient elements and the role of microorganisms in elements migration.[Methods]The contents of nutrient elements(P,S,K,Ca,Na,Mg,Al,Fe,Mn,Cu)in the parent rocks,soil and the seeds of Paeonia szechuanica were measured by using ICP-OES.Meanwhile,the composition and structure of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere microorganisms were analyzed by using the Illumina platform.[Results]①The soil of Paeonia szechuanica was characterized by alkalescence and rich calcium,and the element composition basically retained the characteristics of parent rock.②The migration coefficients of elements migration from rocks into soil were listed as:Ca>Na>S>P>Mg>K>Al>Fe>Mn>Cu,and the absorption coefficients were listed as:P>S>K>Cu>Mg>Ca>Na>Mn>Fe>Al.③The leaching index of alkali metals and the ratio of Al to Fe shwowed a significant effect on soil bacterial diversity(Alpha),but not on fungi.④The migrations of P and Mn were mianly controlled by the parent rock,while the migrations of Fe,S,Mg,K,and Ca were affected by microorganisms.[Conclusion]The bacteria and fungi play similar roles in the elements migration system and mainly involve in the reaction process of Fe,S,Ca and Mg.