中国石漠化防治现状与立法问卷调查分析

A Questionnaire Survey on Status and Legislation of Rocky Desertification Prevention and Control in China

[目的]分析中国石漠化防治的基本现状及立法因应,为有针对性地开展石漠化防治及将其纳入法制化轨道提供科学依据。[方法]采用问卷调查法于2019年10—12月就社会公众对于石漠化现象的认知度、石漠化防治的评价与建议、石漠化防治立法认知与需求等进行调查和统计分析。[结果]石漠化危害已基本成为全社会普遍认同的生态灾害。当前石漠化科普教育、宣传开展程度和频率较低,公众对石漠化的了解程度仍相对较弱,对石漠化防治工作的整体效果评价比较满意。公众参与石漠化治理与生态保护的意愿积极,石漠化防治立法的民众倾向和诉求强烈。石漠化防治立法应重点关注防治资金和技术投入保障机制、工程管理与义务责任、宣传手段和执法力度等问题。[结论]为有效推进中国的石漠化防治,应继续加大石漠化防治宣传力度,加强防治责任主体参与方式的多样化以及防治措施的多元化,开展石漠化防治的立法十分必要和迫切。

[Objective]The current status and legislative response of rock desertification prevention and control were studied in order to provide a scientific basis for the targeted development of rock desertification prevention and control,and its integration into the legalization track.[Methods]The questionnaire survey method was conducted from October to December 2019 to investigate the public awareness of the phenomenon of rocky desertification,the evaluation and suggestions on the prevention and control of rocky desertification,and the awareness and demand for legislation on rocky desertification prevention.[Results]The harm of rocky desertification has basically become an ecological disaster generally recognized by the whole society.At present,the degree and frequency of popularization of rocky desertification education and publicity are relatively low,the public’s understanding of rocky desertification is still weak,and the overall effect evaluation of the prevention and control of rocky desertification is generally satisfactory.However,the public’s willingness to participate in the rock desertification control and ecological protection is positive,and the people have a strong tendency and demand for rock desertification prevention legislation.It is suggested that legislation should focus on the protection mechanism of provention and control funds and technology investment,project management and obligations,publicity methods,and law enforcement.[Conclusion]In order to effectively promote the prevention and control of rocky desertification in China,we should continue to strengthen the propaganda and control of rocky desertification,and strengthen the diversification of the participation mode of the main body and the prevention and control measures.It is necessary and urgent to carry out legislation on prevention and control of rocky desertification.