区域生态网络精细化空间模拟及廊道优化研究——以汾河流域为例

Research on Refined Simulation of Regional Ecological Network and Corridor Optimization:A Case Study of Fenhe River Basin

快速城镇化进程导致城乡建设空间急剧扩张,造成生境斑块破碎化,建立生态廊道修复破碎生境斑块的连接,有利于高效发挥生态网络的生态系统服务功能。该文以汾河流域为研究区域,利用高精度地理空间数据,考虑地表覆盖类型、交通设施、水系等因素构建综合阻力面,建立区域生态源地之间的最小成本路径并进行重要性分级;提取潜在生态廊道,通过比对潜在廊道与现有交通网络的空间分布,识别流域生态网络中重要的踏脚石和生态断裂点,提出汾河流域“一河两屏九绿心、三纵四横多廊道”的生态网络架构。通过对比流域内各城市的主城区与区域潜在廊道的空间分布,提出各市在跨城和绕城生态廊道建设等方面的规划建议。研究成果可为区域生态网络的保护与修复、国土空间规划编制提供基础决策依据。

The rapid urbanization process has led to a rapid expansion of the construction area,causing fragmentation of habitat patches.The restoration of ecological corridors among fragmented habitat patches can enhance the whole ecological network connectivity to supply efficient ecological services.In this paper,we choose natural geographic unit(Fenhe River Basin)as study area.The least cost paths(LCPs)between neighboring habitat patches are calculated considering the resistance effect of land cover,road,riparian zone,etc.,and the LCPs are classified according to their importance to connectivity of ecological network.Correspondingly,the potential ecological corridors are quantitatively extracted,and the important stepping stones and the ecological breakpoints are identified by comparing the spatial distribution of the potential corridors and the existing traffic roads.On this basis,a framework of ecological network,namely"one river,two shields,nine green hearts;three vertical and four horizontal corridors",is presented.Additionally,the spatial distribution of the main urban areas and regional potential corridors are compared,and concrete suggestions for the construction of(cross-urban or around-urban)ecological corridors are proposed.The study can provide decision-making basis for the protection and restoration of regional ecological networks and the preparation of the national territory development plan.