快速交通对我国区域可达性及经济空间关联的影响

Impact of Rapid Traffic on China′s Regional Accessibility and Economic Spatial Correlation

高速铁路、高速公路等快速交通正在深刻影响和改变我国区域空间格局。通过GIS网络分析、成本加权栅格法以及“时空接近”空间自相关方法构建模型,定量分析快速交通对我国区域可达性及经济空间关联的影响。结果发现:1)快速交通引发了非均质的时空收敛效应,影响了区域空间结构,可达性格局呈现以“钻石模型”为核心向周边递减的圈层式结构;2)快速交通扩大了中心城市的日常辐射范围,加快了中心城市的空间扩张,等时圈沿交通线呈带状分布,距离相近的城市群在空间上发生聚合和重构;3)快速交通促使城市突破原有空间邻近的限制,改变了城市经济聚类分布,高—高聚类和低—高聚类分布明显增多,1 h等时圈内城市经济集聚效应显著加强。该研究可为城市(群)发展定位、区域协调发展、交通基础路网规划等提供科学参考。

The continuous development of rapid traffic such as high-speed railways and highways marks the era of rapid transportation,and is profoundly changing and influencing regional spatial pattern of China.The shortest time distance,the weighted mean travel time and the spatial autocorrelation of spatial-temporal proximity methods were combined to quantitatively analyze the impact of rapid traffic on the accessibility and economic spatial correlation in China.The following has been found.1)The rapid traffic induces a heterogeneous time-space convergence effect,which affects the regional spatial structure.The accessibility pattern presents a circular structure,with the"diamond model"as the core,which gradually decreases toward the periphery.2)Rapid traffic has expanded the daily radiation range of the central city and accelerated its spatial expansion.The isochronous circle is distributed along the traffic line,and the urban agglomerations,which are close in distance,have been spatially aggregated and reconstructed.3)Rapid traffic has prompted the city to break through the limitations of the previous spatial adjacency,which changes the urban economic clustering distribution.In addition,the high-high and the low-high clustering distributions have increased significantly.The urban economic agglomeration effect in the 1 h isochronous circle has been strengthened greatly.This study provides scientific references for the urban agglomeration,urban development orientation,regional coordinated development,and road network planning for transportation infrastructure.