《周易》的阐释模式及其诗学面孔

The Interpretation Mode of Zhouyi and Its Poetics Face

《周易》不仅是“群经”之首,其阐发义理的模式亦堪称典范,并对中国诗学阐释的发生、发展产生了深层影响。《周易》天、象、经、传的历史演进方式形成了以天人互感、拟象立意、义理注入为主的三种阐释模式,它们在诗学阐释中被具体体现出来。卦象蕴含的天人互感逻辑塑形了诗学阐释中对文学发生、文学技法、文学功能的阐发;经辞“近取诸身”“远取诸物”的拟象方式不仅影响了诗学阐释中的形象思维,亦开启了“语象”阐释的先河;传辞中“哲理”与“伦理”的辩证关系,对诗学阐释“天德—人德—文德”义理灌注模式的形成具有原型价值。《周易》的阐释模式、阐释思维不仅具有经学和诗学的双重意义,也对现实的文学批评、文学评论具有启示性。

Zhouyi(周易)is not only the primacy of Chinese Confucian classics,but also its mode of interpretation can be called a model which has a profound impact on the occurrence and development of Chinese poetics interpretation.Based on the historical evolution of the heavens,images,scriptures,and biography,Zhouyi has formed three modes of interpretation,interaction between heaven and man,simulacra,and the infusion of ideas,which are embodied in poetic interpretation too.The logic of the interaction between heaven and man contained in the Guaxiang(卦象)shaped the interpretation of the occurrence of literature,literary techniques,and literary functions in the poetics interpretation.The way of simulacra in Jingci(经辞),“getting everything from close to the body”and“taking everything from a distance”,not only influenced the imagery thinking in the poetics interpretation,but also opened the precedent for the interpretation of“language image”.The dialectical relationship between“philosophy”and“ethics”in Zhuanci(传辞)has prototype value on forming model of“from heaven morality to human morality to literary morality”in poetics interpretation.The interpretive mode and interpretive thinking of Zhouyi not only have the dual meaning of the Confucian classics study and poetics,but also have enlightenment for realistic literary criticism.