农地流转、非农就业与农民减贫

Farmland Transfer,Non-Agricultural Employment and Farmers'Poverty Reduction

基于中国家庭动态跟踪调查数据(CFPS),将农地流转、非农就业与农民减贫构建在一个理论框架,实证分析农户农地转出与转入行为对其贫困状况的影响。研究表明:农地转出和转入都能显著降低农民的贫困风险;无论采用国家贫困线还是采用国际贫困线来衡量,农地转出与转入对中国中部及北部的农户家庭减贫作用最为显著;农地转出与非农就业相互正向影响,农地转入与非农就业相互负向影响,但农地转入对非农就业的负向影响不显著;农地流转通过非农就业对农民贫困产生间接效应。目前应合理引导低效劳动力转出农地,从事非农工作,改善家庭收入;促进农地转入户向职业农民转化,特别是在中国中部和北部地区,发展适度规模经营。

Based on Chinese household tracking survey data(CFPS),farmland transfer,non-agricultural employment,and farmers’poverty reduction were constructed in a theoretical framework,and the impact of farmland transfer behaviors on farmers7 poverty status was empirically analyzed.The results showed that:Farmland transfer can significantly reduce the risk of poverty of farmers;Whether the national poverty line or the international poverty line is used,farmland transfer has the most significant effect on poverty reduction of rural households in central and northern of China;Farmland transferred-out and non-agricultural employment have a positive impact on each other,while farmland transferred—in and non-agricultural employment hurt each other,but the negative impact of farmland transferred-in on non—agricultural employment is not significant;Farmland transfer has indirect effects on farmers’poverty through non-agricultural employment.Therefore,the following inspirations can be obtained:The government should reasonably guide inefficient labor force to transfer out of farmland and engage in non-agricultural work to improve family income;The government also should encourage farms from rural households to professional fanners,and develop moderately scaled operations,especially in central and northern of China.