非正规就业者纳入失业保险制度的现实困境与制度调适

The Realistic Dilemma and System Adjustment of Informal Employee Incorporated into the Unemployment Insurance

通过社会保障权的基本人权属性与后工业时代新型社会风险的分析,将非正规就业者纳入失业保险制度具有合理性,然而传统的失业保险主要针对的是正规就业,因此,在纳入非正规就业者时,就不可避免地出现一定的制度错位。在法定覆盖维度表现为覆盖非正规就业者范围窄;在有效覆盖维度则表现为失业保险制度本身不匹配,包括失业保险费的缴纳、失业保险待遇领取资格和失业保险待遇水平三个方面。因此,失业保险的制度调适,应在法定覆盖维度上循序渐进地纳入非正规就业者,在有效覆盖维度上改革失业保险制度,以消除制度的不平衡性。

Through the analysis of the basic human rights attributes of the right to social security and the new social risks in the post-industrial era,it is reasonable that informal employees is included in the unemployment insurance system.However,traditional unemployment insurance is mainly aimed at formal employment.In the case of regular employees,certain system inevitably occurs.In the legal coverage dimension,the coverage of informal employees is narrow;in the effective coverage dimension,the unemployment insurance system itself does not match in terms of the payment of unemployment insurance premiums,the qualification for receiving unemployment insurance benefits,and the level of unemployment insurance benefits.Therefore,when the adjustment of the unemployment insurance system begins,the informal employees should gradually be included in the legal coverage dimension.It is important to reform the unemployment insurance system in the effective coverage dimension to eliminate the imbalance of the system.