国际海缆建设的规制与安全问题——以首条跨太平洋海缆建设为例

On“Regulation”and“Security”in the Deployment of Transnational Submarine Cables:A Case Study of the First Trans-Pacific Subsea Cable

国际海缆是国家间信息与技术流通的支柱性基础设施,全球数字互联需求的上升催生了国际海缆的新建热潮,中国也面临前所未有的海缆产业机遇期。与此同时,新建海缆项目因其信息通信设施的特殊敏感性,频频与登陆地的国家安全判断错综交织,已经导致且或将引发更多的国家间摩擦。近年来,中国企业为此频频陷于被动。关于国际海缆的基本技术、法律知识和发展史表明,在铺设国际海缆过程中,因安全原因,国际海缆的的所有权、施工方被过度关注,但国家登陆权审批规制和海缆路线布局的多样化更需要重视。国际海缆建设不仅是企业技术领域内的问题,更是一个战略问题,中国政府需要全面有力地介入,才能实现国际海缆的优质布局,强健通信及所有相关产业的发展根基。

As a vital infrastructure in information and technology transmission,transnational submarine cables are undergoing a construction boom due to the increasing demand for digital connectivity across the globe.This presents an unprecedented industrial opportunity for China and Chinese companies.Intertwined with national security concerns,the deployment of new submarine cables has led to interstate frictions that may multiply and escalate.Basic technical and legal principles were established during the construction of the first trans-pacific submarine cable.Thus far,for security reasons,much attention has been paid to investment,construction,and ownership.However,countries must give more consideration to their landing regulations and the diversification of system layout.Submarine cables are not only technological projects but also have long-term strategic implications.The Chinese government must take action to achieve sound cable-system layouts that serve its industrial and national interest.