55例新型冠状病毒肺炎流行病学特征及重症影响因素

Epidemiological characteristics of 55 patients with COVID-19 and influencing factors of critically ill patients

目的 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎流行特征及重症患者影响因素.方法 回顾性调查三亚中心医院(海南省第三人民医院)收治的新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊患者55例相关资料,分析不同人群、不同地区、不同时间患者分布情况、流行特征,探究重症患者影响因素.结果 55例确诊患者中,男20例,占36.4%,女35例,占63.6%;50岁以上32例,占58.2%;临床分型以普通型为主,34例,占61.8%,重型、危重型21例,占38.2%;60.0%的确诊患者发病前均有武汉暴露史,家庭内接触传染占30.9%;治愈出院53例,治愈率为96.4%,死亡2例,病死率为3.6%.重型、危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者与普通型患者性别占比比较无明显差异;患者年龄≥50岁、潜伏期≥7d、就医延迟、居住环境不佳、未采取个人防护措施、有基础疾病、临床症状表现为乏力伴胸闷等与重型、危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎发生具有相关性(P<0.05).结论 湖北武汉暴露史是引起二代续发病例的主要原因,重症新型冠状病毒肺炎影响因素为患者年龄≥50岁、潜伏期≥7d、就医延迟、居住环境差、个人防护差、有基础疾病、临床症状表现为乏力伴胸闷等,因此,应尽早针对影响因素采取有效防护措施以降低重症新型冠状病毒肺炎发生风险.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)and analyze the influencing factors of the critically ill patients.METHODS The data of 55 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were treated in Sanya Central Hospital(the Third People′s Hospital of Hainan Province)were retrospectively investigated,the distribution of the infection in different populations,areas and time periods was observed,and the influencing factors of the critically ill patients were explored.RESULTS Among the 55 patients with confirmed COVID-19,20(36.4%)were males,and 35(63.6%)were females;32(58.2%)were more than 50 years old.As for the clinical classifications,there were 34(61.8%)patients with common type and 21(38.2%)patients with severe,critically severe type.60.0%of the confirmed cases had the history of exposure to Wuhan before the onset,and 30.9%were infected through contact with family members.Totally 53 cases were cured and discharged,with the cure rate 96.4%;2 cases died,with the mortality rate 3.6%.There was no significant difference in the distribution of genders between the patients with severe,critically severe COVID-19 and the patients with the common type.The incidence of severe,critically severe COVID-19 was associated with no less than 50 years of age,latent period no less than 7 days,delayed treatment,poor living condition,personal protection measures,underlying diseases and clinical symptoms such as fatigue complicated with chest distress(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The history of exposure to Wuhan is the leading cause of second generation of recurrent cases.The influencing factors for the severe COVID-19 include no less than 50 years of age,latent period no less than 7 days,delayed treatment,poor living condition,poor personal protection,underlying diseases and clinical symptoms such as fatigue complicated with chest distress.It is necessary to take effective protection measures aiming at the influencing factors as early as possible so as to reduce the risk of severe COVID-19.