汽车制动磨损颗粒物排放特征与影响因素

Emission Characteristics and Influential Factors of Vehicle Brake Wear Particulate Matter

利用汽车制动器惯性试验台架和自制的密封舱,对市面上常见的5款车型的右前制动系统进行试验。考虑到制动初速度、制动减速度和制动初温3个因素对制动摩擦材料磨损的影响,设计29个工况的对比试验分析不同制动条件下制动系统在制动过程中颗粒物质量和数量的排放特征。结果显示,制动磨损颗粒物的质量在粒径0.01~8.11μm范围内成单峰分布,而数量成双峰分布,一个位于成核模态,另一个在积聚模态;制动初速度对制动磨损颗粒物质量影响最大,制动初速度和减速度与颗粒物排放速率呈二次函数关系,而制动初温与颗粒物单次制动排放量呈二次函数关系。

By using the brake dynamometer and a self-made sealed cabin,experiments were carried out to test the right front brake system of five common models on the market.Considering the influence of the initial brake speed,deceleration and the initial brake temperature on the wear of brake friction materials,emission characteristics of particulate matter mass and quantity were analyzed for different braking systems under 29 different working conditions.The results showed that the mass distribution of the brake wear particles was unimodal in the range of 0.01~8.11μm,while the quantity distribution was bimodal,one in nucleation mode and the other in accumulation mode.The initial brake speed had the greatest influence on the emission characteristic of the particulate matter mass.Both the initial brake speed and the deceleration had a quadratic relation with the emission rate of particulate matter,while the initial brake temperature had a quadratic relation with the emission amount in a single braking process.