中国信息基础设施建设:成就、差距与对策

信息基础设施不仅是国家战略性、先导性、关键性的基础设施,也是国家基础设施的重要组成部分,还是新时期新型基础设施建设的核心内容。以20世纪90年代美国启动国家信息高速公路计划为肇端,信息基础设施开始纳入各国国家基础设施建设范畴,中国也及时启动了以“三金”工程为代表的国家信息化示范工程。本文阐述了信息基础设施的定位与性质,回顾总结了中国信息基础设施建设的三个发展阶段,即20世纪90年代的通信基础网络建设时期、21世纪头十年的互联网和移动通信快速发展时期、2010年以来新一代信息基础设施建设时期,分析了中国信息基础设施建设的成就与差距,主要是:中国宽带普及率已位居世界前列,但服务能力仍有较大差距;中国在移动通信领域竞争优势突出,但空间与海底设施能力还有较大差距;中国高度重视信息基础设施对经济发展的驱动作用,但面临技术短板制约。最后,从加强关键核心技术攻关、加大社会资本参与力度、强化以“用”促“建”、提升信息网络治理水平等角度提出了高质量推进新一代信息基础设施建设的对策建议。

Information infrastructure is not only a national strategic,leading and key infrastructure,but also an important part of national infrastructure and the core content of new infrastructure construction in the new era.Since the United States launched the national information superhighway program in the 1990s,the information infrastructure began to be included in the national infrastructure construction of various countries.China also timely launched the national informatization demonstration project represented by the"three gold"projects.This paper first describes the positioning and nature of information infrastructure,reviews and summarizes the three development stages of China's information infrastructure construction,namely,the basic communication network construction period in the 1990s,the rapid development period of Internet and mobile communication in the 2000s,and the new generation of information infrastructure construction period since the 2010s.This paper analyzes the achievements and gaps of China's information infrastructure construction,mainly as follows:China's broadband penetration rate has ranked the top in the world,but there is still a large gap in service capacity;China has outstanding competitive advantages in the field of mobile communication,but there is still a large gap in space and submarine facilities;China attaches great importance to the driving role of information infrastructure to economic development,but it is faced with technical constraints.Finally,the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the construction of the new generation of information infrastructure with high quality from the perspectives of strengthening the key core technology research,increasing the participation of social capital,promoting the"construction"of information infrastructure by"application",and improving the level of information network governance.