强化新冠肺炎康复者恢复期血浆捐献照护的策略及其意义

Strategies to Enhance the Care and Privacy of Plasma Donors during COVID-19 Rehabilitation and Their Significance

新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19),简称“新冠肺炎”,尚无特效治疗方法。从免疫学角度来分析,由于新冠肺炎患者在感染过程中产生抗新型冠状病毒抗体,因此用康复者恢复期血浆可以对患者做被动免疫治疗。恢复期血浆中的特异性抗体能和患者体内的病毒发生中和反应,从而降低患者体内的病毒载量,最终减轻或改善由病毒引起的临床症状。恢复期血浆主要用于治疗新冠肺炎病情进展较快、重症和危重症患者。目前在没有特效药和疫苗的前提下,恢复期血浆治疗是抢救新冠肺炎危重患者的有效手段之一。但新冠肺炎康复者恢复期血浆采集在采集方式与采集流程上不同于普通的无偿献血,且康复者除达到正常无偿献血者的标准外,还涉及到临床评估、康复者心理、康复者家庭和社会大众的认知、理解与支持程度等一系列的问题。本文就如何加强新冠肺炎康复者恢复期血浆捐献的照护和隐私保护的策略进行探讨,为血站顺利招募恢复期血浆捐献者和提高采集成功率提供决策上的建议与参考。

There is no specific treatment for COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19).From the perspective of immunology,since COVID-19 patients produce anti-novel coronavirus antibodies during infection,the recovered plasma can be used for passive immunotherapy.The specific antibodies in the recovered patient's plasma can neutralize the virus in the patient,thereby reducing the viral load in the patient,and ultimately reducing or improving the clinical symptoms caused by the virus.The recovered plasma is mainly used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients with rapid disease progression,severe disease and critical disease.At present,in the absence of specific drugs and vaccines,the plasma treatment of recovered patients is one of the effective means to rescue critically ill COVID-19 patients.However,the plasma collection of recovered covid-19 patients is different from that of ordinary unpaid blood donation in the collection method and collection process.In addition to meeting the standard of normal unpaid blood donors,recovered patients are also involved in a series of problems,including clinical evaluation,psychology of recovered patients,cognition,understanding and support of recovered patients'families and the public.This paper discusses how to strengthen the care and privacy protection of plasma donors in COVID-19 rehabilitation period,so as to provide Suggestions and references for blood banks to recruit plasma donors in COVID-19 rehabilitation period and improve the collection success rate.