56℃水浴灭活处理对红细胞血型抗原影响的研究

Study on the Inactivation of Erythrocyte Blood Group Antigens by a 56 ℃ Water Bath

目的灭活是指用物理或化学手段破坏微生物使其丧失生物学活性,但不损害其重要抗原的方法。新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者输血前血型鉴定试验需将血样经56℃水浴30分钟灭活后再进行,本研究旨在发现灭活过程对红细胞血型抗原检测的影响。方法采用滴定后的血型鉴定试剂,对5例56℃灭活前后血液样本的红细胞血型抗原进行检测。结果在使用标化后的抗体对A、B、RhD及Fy^a抗原分别进行微柱凝胶法检测后发现:A、B抗原在各稀释度中均未出现统计学差异,而RhD抗原在各稀释度检测时均出现统计学差异(8倍稀释度时:P<0.05;16~256倍稀释度时:P<0.01),对Fya抗原在各稀释度检测时均出现统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论56℃灭活程序会造成红细胞血型抗原减弱对血型抗原检测产生较大影响。

Objective Inactivation refers to the method of destroying microorganisms by physical or chemical means to lose their biological activity,but without damaging their important antigens.Blood group test requires blood sample from patient with coronavirus disease(COVID-19)to be inactivated at 56℃in a water bath for 30 minutes prior to pre-transfusion testing.This study aims to discover the effect of the inactivation process on the detection of erythrocyte blood group antigens.Methods The titrated blood grouping reagents were used to detect blood group antigens in five blood samples before and after 56℃inactivation.Results Using the titrated antibodies to detect A,B,RhD and Fya antigens by gel method,we found that there were no statistically significant difference in each dilution between A and B antigens.While,RhD antigen showed statistical differences in each dilution test(diluted 1∶8:P<0.05;diluted 1∶16~1∶256:P<0.01),and Fy^a antigen also showed statistical differences in each dilution test(P<0.01).Conclusion The 56℃inactivation process could weaken erythrocyte blood group antigens and it exerts greater effects on blood group antigens detection.