餐厨垃圾厌养发酵沼液制备的液态菌肥对农田土壤理化性质的影响

EFFECT OF LIQUID BACTERIAL FERTILIZER PREPARED BY BIOGAS SLURRY FROM FOOD WASTE DIGESTING ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FARMLAND SOIL

为研究施用餐厨垃圾厌氧消化沼液制备的液态菌肥对农田土壤的影响,以中国北方典型作物冬小麦和水稻土壤为研究对象,分析在农作物整个生长周期中土壤理化性质的变化规律。结果表明:施用餐厨垃圾厌氧消化沼液制备的液态菌肥可显著提高冬小麦和水稻土壤中有效氮磷含量。冬小麦土壤液态菌肥最适宜施加量为500 L/亩(1亩=666.67 m^2,下同),此时土壤中有效磷含量最高增长到94.00 mg/kg,最大增幅为81.12%;速效氮含量最高增长到1673.00 mg/kg,最大增幅为84.88%。水稻土壤液态菌肥最适宜施加量为400 L/亩,土壤中有效磷含量最高增长到220.80 mg/kg,最大增幅为137.22%;速效氮含量最高增长到1140.00 mg/kg,最大增幅为127.07%。冬小麦和水稻土壤中可溶性全盐和Cl-含量均有轻微的积累现象。通过RDA分析,冬小麦与水稻种植土壤中总磷、总氮、Cl-等与液态菌肥施加量均呈正相关,表明液态菌肥对养分的增加起到促进作用。施用餐厨垃圾厌氧消化沼液制备的液态菌肥对提高农作物土壤有机组分、改善土壤肥力具有重要意义。

In order to study the effect of liquid microbial fertilizer prepared by digesting biogas slurry of food waste on soil physical and chemical properties,winter wheat and rice soils of typical crops in northern China were analyzed during a whole growth cycle of crops.The results showed that the liquid bacterial fertilizer prepared by digesting biogas slurry from food waste significantly increased the effective nitrogen and phosphorus contents in winter wheat and rice soil.The optimum application rate of liquid bacterial fertilizer for winter wheat soil was 500 L/mu(1 mu=666.67 m^2).The effective phosphorus content in the soil increased to 94.00 mg/kg,and the maximum increase was 81.12%.The maximum available nitrogen content increased to 1673.00 mg/kg,with the maximum increase of 84.88%.The optimum application rate of liquid bacterial fertilizer for rice soil was 400 L/mu.The effective phosphorus content in the soil increased tO220.80 mg/kg,and the maximum increase was 137.22%.The maximum available nitrogen content increased to 1140.00 mg/kg,with the maximum increase of 127.07%.There was a slight accumulation of soluble total salt and Cl-content in winter wheat and rice soils.Through RDA analysis,the total phosphorus,total nitrogen,Cl-,etc.,in winter wheat soil and rice soil were positively correlated with the dosage of liquid bacterial fertilizer.This result indicated that liquid bacterial fertilizer promoted the increase of nutrients.The application of liquid waste fertilizer prepared by digesting biogas slurry of food waste is of great significance in improving the organic components of crop soil and soil fertility.