唐代翰林入试诗新见

New Views on Imperial Examination Poems in Tang Dynasty

关于唐代翰林入试诗,传统认为,史料明确记载且有文本留存的仅有白居易五言四韵律诗《太社观献》一首。但笔者发现,吴融的五言六韵排律《玉堂种竹》,文本符合试诗标格,写作时间也与史料相印证,也应是翰林入试诗之一,所以翰林入试诗至少有两种体裁类型,即五言四韵律诗和五言六韵排律。另外还有《莺出谷》一题,一直被清代学者毛奇龄以及其后众多学者当作翰林所试,但据史料论证与文本辨析可知,实为元和十一年进士科试诗题目。

It is traditionally considered that among the poems of entrance examination to the Imperial Academy in Tang Dynasty,only one piece entitled“Celebration in Taishe after War”by Bai Juyi,in 4 lines of 2 five-character sentences rhyming aaba is clearly recorded in historical documents and preserved in texts.But the author finds that Wu Rong’s 6-line poem of two five-character sentences rhyming aaaaaa entitled“Planting Bamboos in Yutang”conforms to the standard of the imperial examination poetry,and the time of its creation also agrees with records in historical documents,therefore it should be one of the imperial examination poems.Thus,there are at least two types of imperial examination poems,one is in the form of 4 lines of two five-character sentences rhyming aaba,and the other in the form of 6 lines of two five-character sentences rhyming aaaaaa.Besides,a poem entitled“Oriole Flying Out of the Valley”has always been regarded by Qing Dynasty scholar Mao Qiling and many later scholars as an imperial examination poem,but historical documents and textual analysis proves that it is actually the title of examination poem for candidates for the imperial examination in the 11 th year of the Yuanhe Reign of the Tang Dynasty.