中日近代语言变革运动与翻译小说的文体嬗变

Movement of Language Change in Modern China and Japan and Stylistic Change of Translated Novels

中国清末民初的“白话文运动”和日本“言文一致运动”是中日近代思想文化转型的重要着力点——即语言形态的现代性转化。从微观层面看,日语小说的译介是中国近代语言变革运动乃至新文化运动的导火索,同时中日翻译小说的文体也能反映出中日近代语言变革运动的历史痕迹。中日两国的翻译小说有三种较为相似的文体,且呈现出类似的文体嬗变轨迹,即“汉文直译体”/“文言体”向“雅俗折衷体”/“文白参半体”过渡,最终确立“言文一致体”/“新白话文体”。三种文体的嬗变轨迹并非呈现线性展开,而是在并存、悖离、融合之中显露出总体的发展态势。这种文体嬗变轨迹的生成以及两国语言变革内核的差异,是由当时的社会文化语境所致。

The“Vernacular Chinese Movement”in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China and the“Genbun Itchi”in Japan are the important points of the ideological and cultural transformation between China and Japan in modern times—namely,the modernity transformation of language form.From the microcosmic point of view,translation of novels is the trigger of modern Chinese language transformation and even the New Culture Movement,and the style of translated novels is also a reflection of language transformation.There are three styles shared by Japanese and Chinese translated novels,and they follow a similar pattern of stylistic evolution,i.e.,the transition from“literal translation style”in Japanese/“classic Chinese style”,to“eclectic style of refined and popular Japanese”/“eclectic style of classic and modern Chinese”,and finally to the“literary style”/“new vernacular Chinese style”.The evolution of the three styles does not show a linear expansion,but a general trend of development in co-existence,disobedience and integration.The formation of this stylistic evolution and the core differences of the language transformation of the two countries were caused by the historical and cultural context at that time.