潮土区菜田土壤肥力现状评价

Evaluation on fertility status of fluvo-aquic soil in a vegetable field

为了解菜田土壤养分状况,以粮田为对照,采集设施、露地菜田土壤样品,采用隶属度模型和主成分分析法对土壤养分综合肥力进行评价。结果表明,设施菜田土壤综合肥力指数显著高于露地菜田。与粮田土壤相比,设施菜田土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾及有效Fe、Cu、Zn含量显著提高,pH、有效Mn含量显著降低;露地菜田土壤速效钾和有效Fe含量显著提高,pH和有效Mn含量显著降低。设施菜田和露地菜田土壤有机质含量虽然高于粮田,但总体仍处于中等偏低水平,达到肥沃菜田土壤标准(>30.00 g·kg^-1)的样本量分别仅占总样本量的17.12%和0.65%;菜田土壤有效磷显著富集,63.41%的设施菜田和40.00%的露地菜田土壤有效磷含量均超过80 mg·kg^-1;设施菜田土壤速效钾含量普遍较高,高于300.00 mg·kg^-1的样本量占比达到了56.45%,露地菜田则高低并存。设施菜田和露地菜田土壤微量元素总体均处于中高水平。研究表明,菜田土壤速效养分含量高,而有机质和全氮含量较低。因此,潮土区蔬菜今后生产中应注意增施有机肥料培肥地力,同时适当控制化学肥料,特别是磷钾养分的投入。

The objective of this study was to investigate the fertility status of soil in a vegetable field.Taking the soil in a grain field as control,the soil fertilizers of greenhouse and open vegetable fields were evaluated by using the membership model and principal component analysis.Our results showed that the comprehensive soil fertility evaluation parameters of the greenhouse vegetable field were significantly higher than those of the open vegetable field.Taking the fertility index of a grain field as control,the content of soil organic matter,available phosphorus(P),potassium(K),iron(Fe),copper(Cu),and zinc(Zn)were significantly higher,but the soil pH and the content of available manganese(Mn)was significantly lower in the greenhouse vegetable field than in the grain field.The available K and Fe content was significantly higher,but the soil pH and available Mn content were significantly lower in the open vegetable field than in the grain field.The content of soil organic matter in the vegetable field was higher than that in the grain field;however,it was still in the low-to-medium level.Moreover,the proportions of soil with organic matter content exceeding 30.00 g·kg^-1 accounted only for 17.12%and 0.65%in the greenhouse and open vegetable fields,respectively.The available P content in the vegetable soil was significantly enriched,and its proportion exceeding 80 mg·kg^-1 reached 63.41%in the greenhouse vegetable field and 40.00%in the open vegetable field.In addition,the content of soil available K was generally high in the greenhouse vegetable field,and the percentage of soil samples with available K content above 300.00 mg·kg^-1 reached 56.45%,while the soil samples with both high and low available K content could be found in the open vegetable field.The content of trace elements was generally in the medium-to-high level.Our study showed that the content of nutrients was significantly enriched,but the content of organic matter and total N were significantly low in the vegetable field.Therefore,it is necessary to increase the application of organic fertilizers and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer,especially P and K nutrients,to fluvo-aquic soils in vegetable production.