新疆2种苜蓿叶斑病病原菌主要生物学特性

Biological Characteristics of Pathogens Causing of Two Alfalfa Leaf Spot in Xinjiang

【目的】分析不同培养条件对2种苜蓿叶斑病病原菌苜蓿茎点霉(Phoma medicaginis)和囊状匍柄霉(Stemphylium vesicarium)菌丝生长的影响,研究2种病原菌的生物学特性。【方法】在不同培养基、温度、碳源、氮源条件下,培养P.medicaginis(代表菌株PM-1)7 d,培养S.vesicarium(代表菌株SV-1)5 d,观察菌落及菌丝生长状况,用十字交叉法分别测量2种病原菌菌落直径大小,采用SPSS 20.0软件分析各处理间的差异。【结果】菌株PM-1在供试的11种培养基、8种碳源和12种氮源培养基上均可生长,其中最适培养基是GPA和PSA,最佳碳源是麦芽糖,最佳氮源是L-谷氨酰胺,菌落直径在不同培养基、碳源、氮源之间均存在显著差异;在5~30℃均可生长,最适生长温度25℃,致死温度55℃;24 h持续光照有利于菌丝生长。菌株SV-1在供试的11种培养基、8种碳源和12种氮源培养基上均可生长,其中最适培养基是GPA,最佳碳源是菊糖,最佳氮源是L-谷氨酰胺,菌落直径在不同培养基、碳源、氮源之间均存在显著差异;在5~35℃均可生长,最适生长温度25℃,致死温度60℃;不同光照处理对菌丝生长差异不显著。【结论】苜蓿茎点霉代表菌株PM-1的最适培养条件为温度25℃,GPA或PSA培养基,24 h持续光照,碳、氮源为麦芽糖和L-谷氨酰胺。囊状匍柄霉代表菌株SV-1的最适培养条件为温度25℃,GPA培养基,碳、氮源为菊糖和L-谷氨酰胺。

【Objective】The effects of two kinds of alfalfa leaf spot pathogens Phoma medicaginis and Stemphylium vesicarium on the mycelial growth biological characteristics of the two strains.【Method】Leaf spot fungus P.medicaginis(representing strain PM-1)on different medium,temperature,carbon source,and nitrogen source conditions,were cultured 7 days and 5 dayscolony and mycelium growth during culture.The diameter of colonies was measured by the cross method.Finally,the statistical analysis software SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze the differences between the treatments.【Result】PM-1 grow on 11 medium,8 carbon sources and 12 nitrogen sources.The optimal medium GPA and PSA,the optimal carbon source maltose,and the optimal nitrogen source L-gluten Amine amide.There significant differences between different culture media,carbon sources,sources on the growth of colonies.The temperature that P.medicaginis grow 5℃to 30℃,while the optimal temperature 25℃;the lethal temperature of mycelium 55℃.The complete illumination was conductive to mycelium growth.SV-1 grow on 11 media,8 carbon sources,and 12 nitrogen sources.The optimal medium GPA,the optimal carbon source inulin,and the optimal nitrogen source L-gluten Amine amide.There significant differences between different culture media,carbon sources,nitrogen sources on the growth of colonies;The temperature that S.vesicarium grow 5℃to 35℃,while the optimal temperature 25℃.The lethal temperature of mycelium 60℃;while significant of mycelium growth between different illumination treatments.【Conclusion】P.medicaginis(representing strain PM-1)optimal culture conditions were temperature 25℃,GPA or PSA medium,illumination,carbon and nitrogen sources were maltose and L-gluten Amine amidum.S.vesicarium(representing strain SV-1)optimal culture conditions were temperature 25℃,GPA medium,carbon and nitrogen were inulin and L-glutamine.